Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Sample of CHC Patients Who Reported Being Current Tobacco Users at Baseline
| Original sample | Propensity score matched comparison sample | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expansion (N = 62 164) n (%) |
Non-expansion (N = 31 881) n (%) |
ASMD | Expansion (N = 27 670) n (%) |
Non-expansion (N = 27 670) n (%) |
ASMD | |
| Sex: male | 29 439 (47.4) | 13 764 (43.2) | 0.084 | 12 986 (46.9) | 12 239 (44.2) | 0.054 |
| Age (baseline date) | 0.129 | 0.055 | ||||
| 19–39 | 24 483 (39.4) | 10 776 (33.8) | 7480 (27.0) | 7329 (26.5) | ||
| 40–49 | 16 366 (26.3) | 8422 (26.4) | 11 086 (40.1) | 10 530 (38.1) | ||
| 50–62 | 21 315 (34.3) | 12 683 (39.8) | 9104 (32.9) | 9811 (35.5) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.470 | 0.115 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 40 387 (65.0) | 14 531 (45.6) | 12 682 (45.8) | 13 810 (49.9) | ||
| Hispanica | 8529 (13.7) | 6749 (21.2) | 5796 (20.9) | 5445 (19.7) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 8987 (14.5) | 9102 (28.5) | 7218 (26.1) | 7038 (25.4) | ||
| Non-Hispanic other | 2206 (3.5) | 469 (1.5) | 795 (2.9) | 464 (1.7) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 2055 (3.3) | 1030 (3.2) | 1179 (4.3) | 913 (3.3) | ||
| Household income (% of FPL) | 0.157 | 0.145 | ||||
| ≤138% | 45 295 (72.9) | 25 257 (79.2) | 19 606 (70.9) | 21 345 (77.1) | ||
| >138% | 7416 (11.9) | 3251 (10.2) | 3675 (13.3) | 3007 (10.9) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 9453 (15.2) | 3373 (10.6) | 4389 (15.9) | 3318 (12.0) | ||
| Urban | 37 740 (60.7) | 25 179 (79.0) | 0.406 | 20 075 (72.6) | 21 065 (76.1) | 0.082 |
| Insured at Baseline | 51 102 (82.2) | 19 885 (62.4) | 0.454 | 18 345 (66.3) | 18 893 (68.3) | 0.042 |
| Diabetes | 8597 (13.8) | 4211 (13.2) | 0.018 | 4724 (17.1) | 3814 (13.8) | 0.091 |
| Hypertension | 21 034 (33.8) | 8641 (27.1) | 0.147 | 9909 (35.8) | 8128 (29.4) | 0.138 |
| CAD | 2348 (3.8) | 1013 (3.2) | 0.033 | 1301 (4.7) | 953 (3.4) | 0.064 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 17 661 (28.4) | 7286 (22.9) | 0.128 | 8010 (28.9) | 6785 (24.5) | 0.100 |
| Asthma/COPD | 15 162 (24.4) | 5502 (17.3) | 0.176 | 6111 (22.1) | 5257 (19.0) | 0.076 |
| No. of Medical Comorbidities | 0.189 | 0.178 | ||||
| 0 | 26 150 (42.1) | 16 277 (51.1) | 10 866 (39.3) | 13 273 (48.0) | ||
| 1–2 | 28 275 (45.5) | 12 721 (39.9) | 13 331 (48.2) | 11 626 (42.0) | ||
| 3–5 | 7739 (12.4) | 2883 (9.0) | 3473 (12.6) | 2771 (10.0) | ||
| Psychiatric diagnosis | 47 480 (76.4) | 18 991 (59.6) | 0.366 | 18 286 (66.1) | 17 910 (64.7) | 0.029 |
| Substance use disorder | 14 843 (23.9) | 3573 (11.2) | 0.338 | 4557 (16.5) | 3535 (12.8) | 0.105 |
CHC = Community health center; ASMD = Absolute Standardized Mean Difference; FPL = Federal Poverty Level; CAD = Coronary Artery Disease; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Bold denotes imbalance between expansion groups as defined by an absolute standardized difference ≥0.1. These variables were included in outcome models to address residual imbalance. Propensity scores were estimated using logistic regression and included the following variables: sex, age at baseline, insurance status at baseline, racial/ethnic group, percent ≤138% of FPL, community health center (CHC) location, number of comorbidities, and diagnosis of: diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, lipid disorder, COPD/asthma, psychiatric disorder (anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and other psychosis disorders, depressive disorders, and bipolar disorder), and substance use disorder excluding tobacco use disorder.
aIncludes Spanish language speakers regardless of recorded ethnicity.