Table 4.

Mendelian randomization studies of relevance to lipid lowering therapy

Risk factor	Outcome	Year	Authors	Cohorts	Number of SNPs	OR for T2D	95% CI	Increment
NPC1L1	T2D	2016	Lotta et al.	EPIC-Interact, DIAGRAM, UKBB (n=321,044)	2	2.42	1.70-3.43	−1 mmol/L in LDL-C
HMGCR	T2D	2016	Lotta et al.	EPIC-Interact, DIAGRAM, UKBB, 11 studies (n=376,217)	3	1.39	1.12-1.73	−1 mmol/L in LDL-C
PCSK9	T2D	2016	Lotta et al.	EPIC-Interact, DIAGRAM, UKBB (n=321,044)	1	1.19	1.02-1.38	−1 mmol/L in LDL-C
ABCG5/G8	T2D	2016	Lotta et al.	EPIC-Interact, DIAGRAM, UKBB (n=321,044)	1	1.15	0.89-1.48	−1 mmol/L in LDL-C
LDLR	T2D	2016	Lotta et al.	EPIC-Interact, DIAGRAM, UKBB (n=321,044)	1	1.13	1.00-1.29	−1 mmol/L in LDL-C
HMGCR	T2D	2015	Swerdlow et al.	43 studies (n=223,463)	1	1.02	1.00-1.05	−0.06 mmol/L in LDL-C
PCSK9	T2D	2017	Schmidt et al.	GLGC, DIAGRAM, UKBB, 50 studies (n=568,448)	4	1.29	1.11-1.50	−1 mmol/L in LDL-C
LDL-C	T2D	2016	White et al.	GLGC, DIAGRAMv3 (n=338,398)	130	0.79	0.71-0.88	+38 mg/dl in LDL-C
LDL-C	T2D	2015	Fall et al.	GLGC, DIAGRAMv3 (n=338,398)	139	0.81	0.75-0.89	+40 mg/dl in LDL-C
LDL-C	T2D	2016	Tragante et al.	GLCG, DIAGRAMv3 (n=245,275)	197	0.86	0.81-0.91	+1 SD in LDL-C

All cohorts are European or majority European.

DIAGRAM, Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-Analysis; EPIC-Interact, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Interact Study; GLGC, Global Lipids Genetics Consortium; UKBB, UK Biobank