Table 4.
Subgroup analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and risk of preterm birth in infants: results of meta-analyses.
| SSRI use | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of studies | Summary RR (95% CI) | I2,% | P* | P** | |
| Geographic location | 0.22 | ||||
| Europe | 4 | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) | 92.30 | < 0.001 | |
| Northern America | 4 | 1.91 (1.27–2.86) | 33.6 | 0.17 | |
| Others | 1 | 0.39 (0.05–3.16) | – | – | |
| Adjustment for confounders | |||||
| Maternal age | 0.34 | ||||
| Yes | 7 | 1.22 (0.97–1.52) | 86.4 | < 0.001 | |
| No | 2 | 2.27 (0.08–63.58) | 83.9 | 0.01 | |
| Ethnicity | 0.13 | ||||
| Yes | 3 | 1.85 (1.33–2.57) | 0.0 | 0.45 | |
| No | 6 | 1.11 (0.86–1.42) | 89.4 | < 0.001 | |
| Maternal education | 0.45 | ||||
| Yes | 3 | 1.47 (1.33–1.62) | 0.0 | 0.52 | |
| No | 6 | 1.14 (0.88–1.47) | 79.7 | < 0.001 | |
| Tobacco use | 0.10 | ||||
| Yes | 6 | 1.16 (0.92–1.45) | 89.0 | < 0.001 | |
| No | 3 | 2.60 (0.86–7.84) | 50.9 | 0.09 | |
| Alcohol drinking | 0.45 | ||||
| Yes | 2 | 1.70 (1.19–2.44) | 0.0 | 0.44 | |
| No | 7 | 1.18 (0.92–1.51) | 86.9 | < 0.001 | |
| Pregnancy BMI | 0.26 | ||||
| Yes | 3 | 1.63 (1.27–2.09) | 77.5 | 0.21 | |
| No | 6 | 1.09 (0.85–1.40) | 0.4 | < 0.001 | |
| Parity | 0.12 | ||||
| Yes | 5 | 1.12 (0.88–1.43) | 89.9 | < 0.001 | |
| No | 4 | 2.24 (1.03–4.84) | 52.0 | 0.06 | |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
*P for heterogeneity within each subgroup.
**P for heterogeneity between subgroups with meta-regression analysis.