Table 2.
Mean Absolute and Relative Changes (%) in Mediators of Inflammation as Compared to Baseline (Pre-Exercise) Levels of the Physically Active Individuals
| Physically Active Subjects | Subjects with Low/Sedentary Activity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Exercise | 3-h Post | 48-h Post | ||
| Mean ± SD | Exercise-Induced Change from Baseline, Units (%) | Difference from Baseline a, Units (%) | ||
| Calprotectin | 1.8 ± 2.0 μg/mL | +5.8 (+320%) *** | –0.3 (–19%) | –0.4 (–23%) |
| suPAR | 1.8 ± 0.3 ng/mL | +0.6 (+33%) ** | –0.04 (–2%) | +0.8 (+43%) |
| CD163 | 528 ± 208 ng/mL | +142 (+27%) | +51 (+10%) | +30 (+6%) |
| IL-6 | 2.2 ± 1.8 pg/mL | +14.3 (+648%) *** | +0.5 (+22%) | +0.7 (+32%) |
| IL-8 | 12.0 ± 4.2 pg/mL | +12.1 (+101%) ** | –0.7 (–5%) | +2.3 (+19%) |
| IL-10 | 0.6 ± 0.1 pg/mL | +0.8 (+139%) *** | –0.06 (–11%) | –0.02 (–4%) |
| TNF-α | 0.8 ± 0.2 pg/mL | +0.3 (+45%) | +0.2 (+23%) | +0.04 (+5%) |
| TGF-β | 516 ± 284 pg/mL | –68 (–13%) | +85 (+16%) | +135 (+26%) |
| Leukocytes | 5.9 ± 2.2109/l | +8.2 (+139%) | +0.2 (+3%) | −0.1 (−2%) |
Notes: Mean relative change significantly different from baseline (pre-exercise) values. (Mann–Whitney U-test), **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; aMean difference compared to pre-exercise levels of the physically active individuals.
Abbreviations: suPAR, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, a biomarker of immune activation; CD163, a biomarker of monocyte-macrophage activation; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta.