Fig 3. Lysosomal enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycan metabolism and the immune system dominated the urinary signature of early type 1 diabetes.

(A) Top KEGG functional hierarchies associated with the signature proteins. Stacked bars indicate the proportions of lysosomal (blue) and non-lysosomal (grey) proteins in the urinary signature. (B) Top KEGG pathways associated with two or more signature proteins. Stacked bars indicate the proportions of lysosomal (blue) and non-lysosomal (grey) proteins in the urinary signature. (C) Enriched Reactome pathways associated with signature proteins (P < 0.05). Stacked bars indicate the proportion of lysosomal (blue) and non-lysosomal (grey) proteins in the urinary signature and correspond with the left axis. Dots represent statistical significance and correspond with the right axis. (D) Protein-protein interaction network of urinary signature proteins. Clusters highlight protein involvement in glycosaminoglycan metabolism, glycosphingolipid metabolism, and immune system. Blue colour indicates a protein associated with the lysosome. (E) Visualization of the reactions and enzymes involved in keratan sulfate degradation. Fold changes (relative to youths without diabetes) are shown on a red background next to each enzyme.