Table 1.

Comparison of physician burnout and PTSD [5,7]

Drivers	Symptoms	Consequences	Interventions
Burnout
Lack of job control	Emotional exhaustion	↓ Productivity	Organization directed∗
Excessive workload	Depersonalization	↓ Quality of patient care	↓ Clinical demand via schedule changes
Prolonged work stress	Decreased sense of accomplishment	↓ Patient satisfaction	↑ Team work
Imbalance between demands and skill set		↑ Turnover	↑ Job control
		↑ Medical errors	↑ Shared decision making
		↑ Substance abuse	Physician directed
		↑ Depression and even suicide	Mindfulness
		Disrupted relationships	CBT
PTSD
Medical illness	Intrusive thoughts	Anxiety disorders	Psychotherapy
Mass conflict and displacement	Nightmares or sleep disturbances	Depression	Exposure therapy
Combat	Flashbacks	Somatic symptoms	EMDR
Physical injury or assault	Avoidance	Substance abuse	CBT
	Hypervigilance	Suicide	Medication
		Disrupted relationships

CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy, EMDR = Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.

^∗Organization-directed interventions have been shown to be more effective in preventing and reducing burnout [5].