Fig. 3. Pt-thickness-dependent t-pISHE response at the two ferroelectric polarization states of PZT.

a, b t-pISHE response in 6 nm and 8 nm Pt (Devices B series) at two PZT polarization states of pointing up (red empty squares) and down (blue solid circles), respectively. c net spin Hall angle $\left({\theta }_{\mathrm{SHE}}\left(\mathrm{net}\right)=\frac{V_{\mathrm{t}-\mathrm{pISHE}}\sigma }{{\mathrm{J}}_{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{LSMO}}\mathrm{L}}\right)$ as a function of Pt thickness (Devices C series). The red (blue) solid lines through the data points are fits to θ_SHE(net) using Eq. (2) based on two PZT polarization states. The respective spin Hall angles extracted from the fits are denoted. Fitting parameters: θ₀ = 0.006, λ_in = 0.2 nm, λ₀ = 4 nm. The error bars represent the standard deviation obtained from three different measurements.