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. 2020 May 26;11:2629. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16403-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Clustering heat maps of the relative levels of flavonoid glycosides in young caryopses (YC, 10 days after flowering), young panicles (YP, ~10 cm) at the booting stage, mature caryopses (MC) and mature spikelet hulls (SH) of NIL-GSA1^WYJ and NIL-GSA1^CG14 (n = 3 biological replicates) from widely targeted metabolomics data. Standard-scores (Z-scores) were used as the numerical signs to evaluate the standard deviations from the mean of the corresponding samples. b Relative levels of flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides (Kae, Nar, N7G, Que, Q7G) in young panicles and monolignol (p-C alcohol, S alcohol, C alcohol) in young caryopses of NIL-GSA1^WYJ and NIL-GSA1^CG14 (n = 3 biological replicates). Kae, kaempferol. Nar, naringenin. N7G, naringenin-7-O-glucoside. Que, quercetin. Q7G, quercetin-7-O-glucoside. p-C alcohol, p-coumaryl alcohol. S alcohol, sinapyl alcohol. C alcohol, coniferyl alcohol. c The lignin content of mature spikelet hulls (SH) and mature caryopses (MC) of NIL-GSA1^WYJ and NIL-GSA1^CG14 (n = 3 biological replicates, 5 plants per replicate). d The relative expression levels of genes involved in the general phenylpropanoid pathway (PAL4, COMT), the lignin specific pathway (CCR1, CAD7), flavonoid biosynthesis (CHS, CHI, F3’H) and anthocyanin biosynthesis (ANS, OsC1, OsP1) determined by qRT-PCR in young panicles (10 cm) of NIL-GSA1^WYJ and NIL-GSA1^CG14 at the booting stage (n = 3 biological replicates). The ubiquitin gene was used for normalization. The values in b–d represent the mean ± s.d. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate significant differences compared with NIL-GSA1^WYJ in two-tailed Student’s t tests. Source data are provided as Source Data file.