Table 3.

Health outcomes in different model arms and cost-effectiveness of safety-engineered syringes for India

Health outcomes	Disposable			RUP			SIP			RUP + SIP
	Baseb	LL	UL	Base	LL	UL	Base	LL	UL	Base	LL	UL
Life-yearsa (in millions)
Undiscounted	100,286.46	100,259.41	100,310.93	100,290.47	100,264.84	100,315.36	100,286.62	100,259.35	100,310.67	100,290.63	100,263.74	100,314.64
Discounted	47,500.55	32,664.81	58,320.16	47,502.13	32,666.03	58,322.68	47,500.61	32,772.51	58,152.26	47,502.19	32,664.65	58,195.14
QALYsb (in millions)
Undiscounted	100,286.31	100,259.16	100,310.82	100,290.46	100,264.83	100,315.35	100,286.47	100,259.23	100,310.56	100,290.63	100,263.74	100,314.64
Discounted	47,500.45	32,664.70	58,320.03	47,502.13	32,666.02	58,322.67	47,500.52	32,772.39	58,152.04	47,502.19	32,664.65	58,195.14
HBV casesc	99,557	32,053	232,350	3260	699	5189	96,688	30,063	227,095	391	85	655
HCV casesc	47,618	14,920	223,784	3536	793	12,377	44,507	15,295	215,099	425	94	1492
HIV casesc	5650	1005	15,290	18	3	45	5634	1107	15,330	2	0	6
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), societal perspective
Cost per life-year gained (INR)
Undiscounted		–	–	24,929	− 2706	89,821	3954,413	1332,517	13,273,290	93,079	20,105	319,995
Discounted		–	–	64,973	4202	220,958	8234,885	2733,742	3,0242,937	209,398	51,955	718,189
Cost per QALY gained (INR)
Undiscounted		–	–	24,086	− 2616	86,855	3818,170	1286,433	12,806,856	90,022	19,436	309,193
Discounted		–	–	61,028	3972	207,815	7768,215	2569,822	28,777,642	196,135	48,676	673,056

INR Indian National Rupee, LL lower limit, UL upper limit

^aLife-years and QALYs were estimated for a lifetime horizon

^bBase value reported for health outcomes is output of deterministic model, whereas base value reported for ICER is median value of simulated results from probabilistic model

^cBlood-borne infections, i.e., hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV were estimated for the time period from 2017–2036