Table 1.
PROBAST risk of bias assessment for studies included in this review
| Study | ROB | Applicability | Overall | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | Predictors | Outcomes | Analysis | Participants | Predictors | Outcomes | ROB | Applicability | |
| Asher et al. (2017) [27••] | – | – | + | ? | – | – | – | + | – |
| Devin et al. (2018) [29] | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Genov et al. (2018) [28] | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Hegarty and Shorten (2012) [24] | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | + | – |
| Khor et al. (2018) [5••] | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Lee et al. (2016) [31] | – | – | + | ? | – | – | – | + | – |
| Lubelski et al. (2018) [3••] | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | + | – |
| McGirt et al. (2017) [6••] | – | – | + | ? | – | – | – | + | – |
| McGirt et al. (2015) [23] | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | + | – |
| Merali et al. (2019) [26••] | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Sharma et al. (2019) [30] | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Siccoli et al. (2019) [25••] | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Staartjes et al. (2019) [32] | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | – |
PROBAST Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool, ROB risk of bias
– indicates low ROB/concern regarding applicability, + indicates high ROB concern regarding applicability, and ? indicates unclear ROB concern regarding applicability