Table 4.
Categorization of included PROs predicted by risk assessment tools by spinal region and PRO category
| PRO category | Spinal region | No. of models | Incorporated PROMs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return to work | Cervical | Thoracolumbar | Lumbar | n = 3 | |
| Asher et al. (2017) [27••] | x | 1 | ODI, EQ-5D, NRS-BP, NRS-LP | ||
| Devin et al. (2018) [29] | x | 1 | NDI, VAS-AP and VAS-NP | ||
| McGirt (2015) [23] | x | 1 | ODI; SF-12; MSPQ; VAS-BP; VAS-LP; VAS-NP | ||
| Pain (back and leg pain) | n = 9 | ||||
| Genov et al. (2018) [28] | x |
2 *Post-op and chronic pain |
STRAI; BDI; TSK-17; PCS | ||
| Hegarty and Shorten (2012) [24] | x |
1 *Persistent pain |
VAS; MPQ; RMDQ; HADS; PCS; SF-36 | ||
| Khor et al. (2018) [5••] | x | 2 | NRS-BP; NRS-LP; ODI | ||
| McGirt (2017) [6••] | x | 2 | ODI; ED-5Q; NRS-BP; NRS-LP | ||
| Siccoli et al. (2019) [25••] | x | 2 | Dutch validated ODI; NRS-BP; NRS-LP | ||
| Physical functioning and disability | n = 6 | ||||
| Khor et al. (2018) [5••] | x | 1 | NRS-BP; NRS-LP; ODI | ||
| McGirt (2015) [23] | x | 2 | ODI; SF-12; MSPQ; VAS-BP; VAS-LP; VAS-NP | ||
| McGirt (2017) [6] | x | 1 | ODI; ED-5Q; NRS-BP; NRS-LP | ||
| Siccoli et al. (2019) [25••] | x | 1 | Dutch validated ODI; NRS-BP; NRS-LP | ||
| Staartjes et al. (2018) [32] | x | 1 | NRS-BP; NRS-LP; Dutch validated ODI | ||
| Quality of Life | n = 5 | ||||
| Lee et al. (2016) [31] | x | 1 | EQ-5D | ||
| Lubelski et al. (2018) [3••] | x | 1 | EQ-5D; PHQ-9; PDQ | ||
| McGirt (2017) [6••] | x | 1 | ODI; ED-5Q; NRS-BP; NRS-LP | ||
| Merali et al. (2019) [26••] | x | 1 | SF-6D; mJOA | ||
| Sharma et al. (2019) [30] | x | x | 1 | EQ-5D | |
| Psychological Disposition | n = 2 | ||||
| Lubelski et al. (2018) [3••] | x | 2 | EuroQOL (EQ-5D); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Pain/Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) | ||
BDI Beck Depression Inventory, ED-5Q EuroQuol-5 dimensions, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire, MJOA Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association, MPQ McGill Pain Questionnaire, MSPQ Modified Somatic Perceptions Questionnaire, NDI Neck Disability Index, NRS-BP Numeric Rating Scale—back pain, NRS-LP Numeric Rating Scale—leg pain, ODI Oswestry Disability Index, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PDQ Pain/Disability Questionnaire, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, RMDQ Roland-Morris Questionnaire, STRAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, TSK-17 Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-17; VAS-AP, VAS-BP, VAS-LP; VAS-NP