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GABA inhibition from the tVTA/RMTg mediates VTA-DA excitation. The main input of the tVTA is a glutamatergic projection from the lateral habenula (LHb) while its main output is a GABAergic projection to the VTA. tVTA-GABAergic neurons are densely packed with mu opioid receptors the activation of which decreases their firing rate. As a result, DA neurons in the VTA are disinhibited and freely transmit DA to projection sites in the NAc, DS, and cortex.
