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. 2020 May 20;11:617. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00617

Table 3.

Chemical Components of P. edulis.

NO. Compounds CAS number Formula Resources Ref.
Flavonoids
1 Quercetine 117-39-5 C15H10O7 A Lutomski et al., 1975
2 Rutin 153-18-4 C27H30O16 A Lutomski et al., 1975
3 Vitexina 3681-93-4 C21H20O10 A Lutomski et al., 1975
4 Isoorientin 4261-42-1 C21H20O11 A Lutomski et al., 1975
5 Saponarin 20310-89-8 C27H30O15 A Lutomski et al., 1975
6 Homovitexin 38953-85-4 C21H20O10 A Lutomski et al., 1975
7 Luteolin-6-C-chinovoside 132368-05-9 C21 H20 O10 A Mareck et al., 1991
8 Luteolin-6-C-fucoside 138810-81-8 C21 H20 O10 A Mareck et al., 1991
9 Orientin 28608-75-5 C21 H20 O11 A Moraes et al., 1997
10 Myrtillin 50986-17-9 C21 H21 O12+ A Kidoey et al., 1997
11 Petunidin 3-glucoside 71991-88-3 C22 H23 O12+ A Kidoey et al., 1997
12 Cyanidin 3-glucoside 47705-70-4 C21 H21 O11+ A Kidoey et al., 1997
13 Callistephin 47684-27-5 C21 H21 O10+ A Kidoey et al., 1997
14 Cyanidin 3-(6″-malonylglucoside) 171828-62-9 C24 H23 O14+ A Kidoey et al., 1997
15 Pelargonidin 3-(6″-malonylglucoside) 165070-68-8 C24 H23 O13+ A Kidoey et al., 1997
16 Delphinidin 3-(6″-malonylglucoside) 478693-96-8 C24 H23 O15+ A Kidoey et al., 1997
17 1-Benzopyrylium, 3-[[6-O-(carboxyacetyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy- 687619-89-2 C25 H25 O15+ A Kidoey et al., 1997
18 Idein 142506-26-1 C21 H21 O11+ A Chang and Su, 1998
19 Luteolin 491-70-3 C15 H10 O6 B Coleta et al., 2006
20 Lonicerin 25694-72-8 C27 H30 O15 B Coleta et al., 2006
21 Vitexin, 4′-rhamnoside 32426-34-9 C27 H30 O14 C Zhou et al., 2009
22 Spinosin 72063-39-9 C28 H32 O15 B Zucolotto et al., 2009
23 Vicenin 23666-13-9 C27 H30 O15 B Zucolotto et al., 2009
24 6,8-di-C-glycosylchrysin 850621-76-0 C27 H30 O14 B Zucolotto et al., 2009
25 Chrysin 6-C-β-rutinoside 1488426-52-3 C27 H30 O13 B Zhang et al., 2013
26 Chrysin 7-glucoside 31025-53-3 C21 H20 O9 D Xu et al., 2013
27 7-[[4-O-(6-Deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 378782-33-3 C27 H30 O13 D Xu et al., 2013
28 Luteolin 8-C-β-digitoxopyranoside 951126-36-6 C21 H20 O9 D Xu et al., 2013
29 7-De-O-methylaciculatin 1355022-31-9 C21 H20 O8 D Xu et al., 2013
30 8-C-β-D-Boivinopyranosylapigenin 1355022-34-2 C21 H20 O8 D Xu et al., 2013
31 Luteolin 8-C-β-digitoxopyranosyl-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 1402209-61-3 C27 H30 O14 D Xu et al., 2013
32 Luteolin 8-C-β-boivinopyranoside 1402209-62-4 C21 H20 O9 D Xu et al., 2013
33 Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside 2171100-31-3 C27 H30 O13 E Hu et al., 2018
Triterpenoids
34 Passiflorin 1392-82-1 C37 H60 O12 A Bombardelli et al., 1975
35 Cyclopassifloic acid E 301540-74-9 C31 H52 O8 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000b
36 Cyclopassifloic acid F 301540-76-1 C31 H52 O7 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000b
37 Cyclopassifloic acid G 301540-77-2 C31 H52 O7 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000b
38 Cyclopassifloside VII 301540-80-7 C37 H62 O13 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000b
39 Cyclopassifloside VIII 301540-81-8 C37 H62 O12 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000b
40 Cyclopassifloside X 301540-82-9 C37 H62 O12 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000b
41 Cyclopassifloside IX 301644-33-7 C43 H72 O17 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000b
42 Cyclopassifloside XI 301644-34-8 C43 H72 O17 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000b
43 Passifloric acid 64147-49-5 C31 H50 O7 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
44 Cyclopassifloic acid B 292167-35-2 C31 H52 O6 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
45 Cyclopassifloic acid C 292167-36-3 C31 H52 O7 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
46 Cyclopassifloside IV 292167-41-0 C37 H62 O12 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
47 Cyclopassifloside V 292167-42-1 C43 H72 O17 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
48 Cyclopassifloside VI 292167-43-2 C36 H58 O11 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
49 Cyclopassifloic acid D 292167-37-4 C30 H48 O6 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
50 Cyclopassifloside II 292167-39-6 C37 H62 O11 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
51 Cyclopassifloside I 292167-38-5 C37 H62 O12 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
52 Cyclopassifloside III 292167-40-9 C43 H72 O16 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
53 Cyclopassifloic acid A 292167-34-1 C31 H52 O7 D Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
54 3β,16β-diacetoxyurs-12-ene 920957-33-1 C34 H54 O4 F Yoshikawa et al., 2000a
55 (3β,5α,8α,22E)-5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol 2061-64-5 C28 H44 O3 C Zhou et al., 2009
56 (31R)-31-O-Methylpassiflorine 1491979-55-5 C38 H62 O12 B Zhang et al., 2013
57 (31S)-31-O-Methylpassiflorine 1491979-58-8 C38 H62 O12 B Zhang et al., 2013
58 (31R)-Passiflorine 1492023-84-3 C37 H60 O12 B Zhang et al., 2013
59 (31S)-Passiflorine 1492023-87-6 C37 H60 O12 B Zhang et al., 2013
60 Cyclopassifloside XII 1595294-85-1 C37 H60 O12 D Wang et al., 2013
61 Cyclopassifloside XIII 1595294-86-2 C43 H72 O17 D Wang et al., 2013
62 β-Sitostenone 1058-61-3 C29 H48 O B Yuan et al., 2017
Alkaloids
63 Harmidine 304-21-2 C13 H14 N2 O A Lutomski et al., 1975
64 Harmine 442-51-3 C13 H12 N2 O A Lutomski et al., 1975
65 Harmane 486-84-0 C12 H10 N2 A Lutomski et al., 1975
66 Harmol 487-03-6 C12 H10 N2 O A Lutomski et al., 1975
67 N-trans-Feruloyltyramine 66648-43-9 C18 H19 N O4 B Yuan et al., 2017
68 cis-N-Feruloyltyramine 80510-09-4 C18 H19 N O4 B Yuan et al., 2017
Sulforaphanes
69 3-(Methylthio)-1-hexanol; 3-(Methylthio)hexanol 51755-66-9 C7 H16 O S A Winter et al., 1976
70 cis-2-Methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane 59323-76-1 C8 H16 O S A Winter et al., 1976
71 (±)-trans-2-Methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane 59324-17-3 C8 H16 O S A Winter et al., 1976
72 Ethanethioic acid, S-[1-[2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]butyl] ester 136954-25-1 C10 H18 O3 S A Engel and Tressl, 1991
73 Butanoic acid, 3-[(1-oxobutyl)thio]hexyl ester 136954-26-2 C14 H26 O3 S A Engel and Tressl, 1991
74 Hexanoic acid, 3-[(1-oxohexyl)thio]hexyl ester 136954-27-3 C18 H34 O3 S A Engel and Tressl, 1991
Carotenoids
75 Violaxanthin 126-29-4 C40 H56 O4 A Mercadante et al., 1998
76 β-Cryptoxanthin 472-70-8 C40 H56 O A Mercadante et al., 1998
77 Neurosporene 502-64-7 C40 H58 A Mercadante et al., 1998
78 Lycopene 502-65-8 C40 H56 A Mercadante et al., 1998
79 Mutatochrome 515-06-0 C30 H40 O2 A Mercadante et al., 1998
80 β-Citraurin 650-69-1 C30H40O2 A Mercadante et al., 1998
81 Prolycopene 2361-24-2 C40 H56 A Mercadante et al., 1998
82 β-Carotene 7235-40-7 C40 H56 A Mercadante et al., 1998
83 Phytoene 13920-14-4 C40 H64 A Mercadante et al., 1998
84 Neoxanthin 14660-91-4 C40 H56 O4 A Mercadante et al., 1998
85 Phytofluene 27664-65-9 C40 H62 A Mercadante et al., 1998
86 Antheraxanthin 68831-78-7 C40 H56 O3 A Mercadante et al., 1998
87 ζ-Carotene 72746-33-9 C40 H60 A Mercadante et al., 1998
Other compounds
88 Prunasin 99-18-3 C14 H17 N O6 G Spencer and Seigler, 1983
89 Benzyl alcohol O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glycopyranoside 148031-67-8 C18 H26 O10 A Chassagne et al., 1996
90 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-yl 6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 175737-84-5 C16 H28 O10 A Chassagne et al., 1996
91 1-Ethenyl-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexen-1-yl 6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 175892-12-3 C21 H36 O10 A Chassagne et al., 1996
92 3-Oxo-α-ionol 34318-21-3 C13 H20 O2 A Herderich and Winterhalter, 1991
93 Benzoic acid, 2-[[2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-, methyl ester 191273-45-7 C32 H40 O18 A Chassagne et al., 1997
94 Benzoic acid, 2-[[6-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-, methyl ester 191273-46-8 C20 H28 O12 A Chassagne et al., 1997
95 Cyanogenic β-rutinoside 215583-49-6 C20 H27 N O10 A Chassagne and Crouzet, 1998
96 Phenylmethyl β-D-allopyranoside 354807-69-5 C13 H18 O6 A Christensen and Jaroszewski, 2001
97 Passiedulin 354814-09-8 C14 H17 N O6 A Seigler et al., 2002
98 Sambunigrin 99-19-4 C14 H17 N O6 A Seigler et al., 2002
99 Benzeneacetonitrile, α-(β-D-allopyranosyloxy)-, (αS)- 474075-97-3 C14 H17 N O6 A Seigler et al., 2002
100 Passiflactone 1130942-01-6 C8 H8 O4 A Lu et al., 2007
101 Amygdalin 29883-15-6 C20 H27 N O11 B Zhang et al., 2013
102 Roseoside 54835-70-0 C19 H30 O8 B Zhang et al., 2013
103 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid 99-96-7 C7 H6 O3 B Yuan et al., 2017
104 Vanillic acid 121-34-6 C8 H8 O4 B Yuan et al., 2017
105 Syringic acid 530-57-4 C9 H10 O5 B Yuan et al., 2017
106 (+)-Syringaresinol 21453-69-0 C22 H26 O8 B Yuan et al., 2017
107 4-Acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-p-quinol 211192-56-2 C10 H12 O5 B Yuan et al., 2017
108 α-Tocoquinone 7559-04-8 C29 H50 O3 A Hu et al., 2018
109 Prulaurasin 138-53-4 C14 H17 N O6 A Hu et al., 2018
110 Citrusin A 105279-09-2 C26 H34 O12 A Hu et al., 2018
111 Citrusin B 105279-10-5 C27 H36 O13 A Hu et al., 2018
112 Citrusin G 2173403-45-5 C28 H38 O12 A Hu et al., 2018
113 trans-Coniferin 124151-33-3 C16 H22 O8 A Hu et al., 2018
114 Icariside E5 126176-79-2 C26 H34 O11 A Hu et al., 2018
115 Alangioside A 156199-49-4 C19 H34 O8 A Hu et al., 2018
116 Longifloroside B 175556-09-9 C27 H36 O13 A Hu et al., 2018
117 Hyuganoside IIIa 838845-07-1 C26 H34 O12 A Hu et al., 2018
118 Hyuganoside IIIb 838845-08-2 C26 H34 O12 A Hu et al., 2018
119 3,5-Dimethoxy-1-(3-hydroxypropen-1-yl)phenyl 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″→6′)-β-D-glucopyranoside 2171100-32-4 C23 H34 O13 A Hu et al., 2018

A: fruits; B: leaves; C: stems; D: leaves and stems; E: peels; F: roots; G: leaves and fruits.