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. 2020 May 20;11:975. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00975

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Copyright © 2020 Pentland, Stevens, Williams, Baker, McCall, Makarovaite, Balfour, Mühlschlegel and Gourlay.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The range and distribution of bacterial species found on voice prostheses within this study. (A) An example of a failed voice prosthesis removed from a patient. Note the ring of colonization on the prosthesis hood around the valve mechanism. (B) Bar graph representation of absolute numbers of times each bacterial species was isolated from 159 early failing VPs. (C) Pie chart representation of percentage of total bacteria isolated from 159 early failing VPs.