Figure 1.

Utilizing organoid models as a screening method in the development of new host defense peptides. Human or animal induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells, neonatal tissue stem cells, or ex vivo adult progenitors can all serve as starting materials to generate various organoids. In this review, we focused on skin, lung and intestinal organoids, which recapitulate the architecture, functions and multi-cellular components present in the tissue of origin. In general, there are three main forms of organoids: air-liquid interface (ALI) constructs, spheroids, and organ-on-a-chip models. These different forms of organoids, together with omics characterization, have provided mechanistic insights to diseases and host-microbial interactions, and provide novel tools for HDP and IDR screening.