Figure 4.

The antibiotic Bacitracin protected human gut epithelia and human intestinal organoids from Clostridium difficile Toxin TcdB. (A) Bacitracin preserves epithelial integrity of CaCo-2 monolayers from TcdB activity. Epithelial CaCo-2 monolayers grown on filters in a Transwell chamber were preincubated with or without Bacitracin (2 mM) for 30 min at 37°C and then stimulated apically with Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB, 6 ng/ml). The epithelial integrity was recorded by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) every 35 min over a time course of 20 h. (B) Bacitracin reduces the TcdB-induced glucosylation of Rac1 and destruction of F-actin in stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids. Intestinal organoids preincubated with or without Bacitracin (1 mM) for 30 min at 37°C were challenged with 60 ng/ml TcdB for 3 h. Nuclei, F-actin, and non-glucosylated Rac1 were specifically stained and visualized by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Bar = 50 μm. These results were from Zhu et al. (2019), published under the terms of the CC by 4.0 license. Full terms at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This figure combined Figures 3, 4 from the original article with permission from the corresponding author.