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. 2020 May 20;8:482. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00482

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Copyright © 2020 Morii, Tanaka, Izushi, Nakao, Yamamoto, Matsubara, Kano and Ogawa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Generation of 3D-PAH media tissues. (A) Representative elastic tissue staining of a pulmonary artery in a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The dotted line indicates vascular lumen, double-headed arrows the medial layer. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Representative hematoxylin-eosin staining of 3-dimensional (3D) model of the pulmonary artery vascular media in PAH (hereafter, 3D-PAH media tissues). Scale bar = 20 μm. (C,D) Representative side view (C) and 3D view (D) of 3D-PAH media tissues with the nuclei of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) stained (SYTOX Green; green). PASMCs derived from PAH patient #1 was used for construction of 3D-PAH tissues shown in (B–D).