TABLE 1.
The hibernation season when multiday torpor (>2 days) can be used by birds and mammals.
| All year |
| Eastern pygmy possum, Cercartetus nanus (Geiser, 2007) |
| Long-eared bat, Nyctophilus geoffroyi (Turbill et al., 2003; Turbill and Geiser, 2008) |
| Edible dormouse, Glis glis (Mrosovsky, 1977; Hoelzl et al., 2015) |
| Garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus (Daan, 1973) |
| Summer to spring |
| Echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Grigg et al., 1989; Nicol and Andersen, 2007) |
| Anatolian ground squirrel, Spermophilus xanthoprymnus (Kart Gür et al., 2009) |
| Arctic ground squirrel, Urocitellus/Spermophilus parryii (Barnes, 1996) |
| Columbian ground squirrel, Urocitellus/Spermophilus columbianus (Young, 1990) |
| Richardson’s ground squirrel, Urocitellus/Spermophilus richardsonii (Wang, 1978) |
| Golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus/Spermophilus saturatus (Barnes, 1996) |
| Woodchuck, Marmota monax (Zervanos et al., 2010) |
| Autumn to summer |
| Little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (Jonasson and Willis, 2012; Johnson et al., 2019) |
| Brandt’s bat, Myotis brandtii (Podlutsky et al., 2005) |
| Hodgson’s bat, Myotis formosus (Kim et al., 2013) |
| Jumping mouse, Zapus princeps (Cranford, 1978) |
| Autumn to spring |
| Mountain pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus (Körtner and Geiser, 1998) |
| Fat-tailed dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus medius (Dausmann, 2014) |
| Dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus crossleyi (Blanco et al., 2013; Dausmann, 2014) |
| European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus (Walhovd, 1979) |
| Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algericus (Mouhoub-Sayah et al., 2008) |
| Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Park et al., 2000) |
| Big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus (French, 1985) |
| Indiana bat, Myotis sodalis (Clawson et al., 1980) |
| Mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma microphyllum (Levin et al., 2015) |
| Mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma cystops (Levin et al., 2015) |
| Brown bear, Ursos arctos (Evans et al., 2016) |
| Yellow-pine chipmunk, Tamias amoenus (Barnes, 1996) |
| Townsend’s chipmunk, Tamias townsendi (Barnes, 1996) |
| Siberian chipmunk, Eutamias sibiricus (Kawamichi and Kawamichi, 1993) |
| Golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus/Spermophilus lateralis (Healy et al., 2012) |
| Daurian ground squirrel, Spermophilus dauricus (Yang et al., 2011) |
| Thirteen-lined ground squirrel, Ictidomys/Spermophilus tridecemlineatus (Kisser and Goodwin, 2012) |
| Alpine marmot, Marmota marmota (Arnold, 1993) |
| Alaska marmot, Marmota broweri (Lee et al., 2009) |
| Yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris (French, 1985) |
| Prairie dog, Cynomys parvidens (Lehmer and Biggins, 2005) |
| European hamster, Cricetus cricetus (Wassmer, 2004; Siutz et al., 2016) |
| Common or hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius (Pretzlaff and Dausmann, 2012) |
| Woolly dormouse, Dryomys laniger (Kart Gür et al., 2014) |
| Birch mouse, Sicista betulina (Eisentraut, 1956) |
| Autumn to winter |
| Armadillo, Zaedyus pichiy (Superina and Boily, 2007) |
| African hedgehog, Atelerix frontalis (Hallam and Mzilikazi, 2011) |
| Winter to spring |
| Pygmy slow loris, Nycticebus pygmaeus (Ruf et al., 2015) |
| European free-tailed bat, Tadarida teniotis (Arlettaz et al., 2000) |
| Formosan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros terasensis (Liu and Karasov, 2011) |
| Black bear, Ursus americanus (Toien et al., 2011) |
| Eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus (Landry-Cuerrier et al., 2008) |
| Jerboa, Jaculus orientalis (El Ouezzani et al., 2011) |
| Winter |
| Poorwill, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii (Woods et al., 2019) |
| Western pygmy-possum, Cercartetus concinnus, field (Turner et al., 2012b) |
| European badger, Meles meles (Fowler and Racey, 1988). |
| Spring |
| Golden mole, Amblysomus hottentottus longiceps (Scantlebury et al., 2008) |
Only species for which long-term data are available are listed and the most pronounced pattern observed for each species is reported.