Table 3.

Implications of ER oxidoreductases and/or ER stress in asthma.

ER oxidoreductase	Putative function	Model	References
PDIA3	Apoptosis, chemokine/growth factor folding	Cell culture, mouse models, human epithelial cells	[254,256]
AGR2 (PDIA17)	Mucus metaplasia	Cell culture, mouse models, human epithelial cells	[243]
IREβ	Mucus metaplasia linked to upregulation of XBP1 and AGR2	Cell culture, mouse models human samples	[79]
XBP1	Mucus, Eosinophil differentiation, type II inflammation and IFN-related gene expression	Cell culture, mouse models, human samples	[243,250,304]
ATF6α	Linked to OMRDL3 and SERCA2b, macrophage activation, epithelial cell death airway hyperresponsiveness, smooth muscle hypertrophy	Cell culture, mouse, human samples	[247,248,256,305]
CHOP	IL-4/macrophage signaling, ATF6 expression	Cell culture, mouse, human samples	[249]