Table 1.
Characteristics of biomarker cohort (n=2867) in the CENTER-TBI core study.
| N complete | Overall (n=2867) | ER (n=636) | Admission (n=900) | ICU (n=1331) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age (median [IQR]) | 2867 | 49 [30, 66] | 48 [30, 65] | 53 [33, 68] | 48 [30, 64] |
| >65 years (%) | 735 (25·6) | 153 (24·1) | 266 (29·6) | 316 (23·7) | |
| Male sex (%) | 2867 | 1948 (67·9) | 354 (55·7) | 619 (68·8) | 975 (73·3) |
| Cause of injury | |||||
| Cause of injury | 2711 | ||||
| Road traffic incident (%) | 1098 (38·3) | 204 (32·1) | 295 (32·8) | 599 (45·0) | |
| Incidental fall (%) | 1264 (44·1) | 317 (49·8) | 436 (48·4) | 511 (38·4) | |
| Clinical presentation | |||||
| GCS baseline (median [IQR]) | 2775 | 15 [10, 15] | 15 [15, 15] | 15 [14, 15] | 10 [4, 14] |
| Severe (3–8) (%) | 601 (21·0) | 1 (0·2) | 7 (0·8) | 593 (44·6) | |
| Moderate (9–12) (%) | 222 (7·7) | 2 (0·3) | 28 (3·1) | 192 (14·4) | |
| Mild (13–14) (%) | 457 (15·9) | 38 (6·0) | 202 (22·4) | 217 (16·3) | |
| Mild (15) (%) | 1494 (52·1) | 589 (92·6) | 643 (71·4) | 262 (19·7) | |
| Pupillary reactivity | 2732 | ||||
| One pupil unreactive (%) | 97 (3·4) | 2 (0·3) | 14 (1·6) | 81 (6·1) | |
| Two pupils unreactive (%) | 144 (5·0) | 7 (1·1) | 4 (0·4) | 133 (10·0) | |
| Hypoxia (prehospital/ER) (%) | 2709 | 184 (6·4) | 1 (0·2) | 15 (1·7) | 168 (12·6) |
| Hypotension (prehospital/ER) (%) | 2735 | 177 (6·2) | 3 (0·5) | 12 (1·3) | 162 (12·2) |
| Any major extracranial injury (AIS >=3) (%) | 2867 | 1032 (36·0) | 22 (3·5) | 262 (29·1) | 748 (56·2) |
| CT characteristics | |||||
| Any intracranial abnormality at central reading (%) | 2867 | 1705 (59·5) | 86 (13·5) | 436 (48·4) | 1183 (88·9) |
| Biomarker (median [IQR]) | |||||
| S100B, µg/L | 2861 | 0·15 [0·08, 0·33] | 0·09 [0·05, 0·15] | 0·09 [0·06, 0·16] | 0·28 [0·16, 0·58] |
| NSE, ng/ml | 2858 | 17·08 [12·49, 25·85] | 14·02 [11·14, 18·09] | 14·22 [11·18, 19·39] | 23·14 [16·24, 34·10] |
| GFAP, ng/ml | 2850 | 3·14 [0·53, 15·07] | 0·30 [0·11, 0·94] | 1·51 [0·39, 5·28] | 12·92 [4·22, 34·92] |
| UCH-L1, pg/ml | 2846 | 94·74 [35·54, 307·12] | 35·48 [17·63, 63·34] | 51·44 [24·92, 109·66] | 274·35 [119·23, 622·66] |
| Tau, pg/ml | 2851 | 2·79 [1·23, 7·67] | 1·16 [0·71, 1·84] | 1·81 [1·05, 3·45] | 7·08 [3·21, 16·61] |
| NFL, pg/ml | 2849 | 18·55 [8·40, 49·74] | 7·90 [5·09, 13·29] | 12·88 [7·15, 24·55] | 42·88 [19·49, 104·59] |