Effect of sinapine and sinapic acid on cardiac functions following ischemia-reperfusion stress. (A) Examples of LV pressure during the ischemia-reperfusion protocol of the isolated heart perfused retrogradely using a Langendorff apparatus. Hearts were stabilized for 20 min and then perfused for 45 min with or without sinapic acid (SAc 60 μM), sinapine (SP 60 μM) or MitoTEMPO (MitoT). Hearts were subjected to global no-flow ischemia for 20 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion. (B–D) Recovery of the developed pressure (Pdev), the maximal and minimal first derivative of left intraventricular pressure (dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin, respectively) 10 min post-IR. Values are normalized to the baseline level. (E) Determination of ROS production by DHE staining 10 min after IR, in hearts pre-treated or not with MitoTEMPO (0.1 μM), sinapine (60 μM), or sinapic Acid (SAc, 60 μM). Scale bar = 400 μm, (n = 12 control hearts, n = 9 MitoTEMPO hearts, n = 12 sinapine hearts, n = 11 sinapic acid heart). *p < 0.05.