Table 2.

Results from bivariate multilevel models identifying potential risk factors for CAI with partners by relationship status

CAI with casual partners vs no CAI with casual partners										CAI with steady partners vs no CAI with steady partners
Independent Variables		OR	SE	z	P > z	95% Confidence interval for Odds ratio		Chi-square	P-value	OR	SE	z	P > z	95% Confidence interval for Odds ratio		Chi-square	P-value
						Lower	Upper							Lower	Upper
Age								36.29	<0.001							25.33	<0.0001
		0.98	<0.01	−6.02	<0.001	0.97	0.99			0.98	<0.01	−5.03	<0.001	0.98	0.99
	Const.	0.92	0.14	−0.57	0.57	0.68	1.23			0.89	0.11	−0.98	0.33	0.70	1.12
City	Var(const)	0.11	0.05			0.05	0.26			0.02	0.01			0.01	0.08
Highest Education level								12.86	<0.001							9.84	0.0073
	Primary	Ref								Ref
	High school	1.40	0.22	2.16	0.031	1.03	1.90			1.60	0.25	2.94	0.003	1.17	2.18
	University	1.10	0.17	0.64	0.522	0.82	1.49			1.63	0.26	3.13	0.002	1.20	2.22
	const	0.38	0.07	−5.36	<0.001	0.27	0.54			0.33	0.05	−7.10	<0.001	0.24	0.45
City	Var(const)	0.15	0.06			0.06	0.35			0.03	0.02			0.01	0.09
Perceived attitude towards homosexuality & bisexuality								11.20	0.0037							25.09	<0.001
	Positive	Ref								Ref
	Neutral	0.95	0.07	−0.65	0.513	0.82	1.10			0.89	0.06	−1.65	0.099	0.77	1.02
	Negative	0.71	0.07	−3.27	0.001	0.58	0.87			0.60	0.06	−5.00	<0.001	0.50	0.74
	const	0.49	0.06	−5.64	<0.001	0.39	0.63			0.59	0.04	−7.02	<0.001	0.51	0.68
City	Var(const)	0.17	0.07			0.07	0.39			0.04	0.02			0.02	0.12
Outness								15.85	0.0001							16.70	<0.001
	Out to less than half	Ref								Ref
	Out to majority	1.34	0.10	3.98	<0.001	1.16	1.55			1.33	0.09	4.09	<0.001	1.16	1.53
	const	0.39	0.05	−7.25	<0.001	0.30	0.50			0.44	0.03	−10.51	<0.001	0.38	0.51
City	Var(const)	0.18	0.08			0.08	0.42			0.04	0.02			0.02	0.12
HIV testing in last 12 months and result known								19.80	<0.001							0.45	0. 5044
	Yes	Ref								Ref
	No	0.73	0.05	−4.45	<0.001	0.63	0.84			0.96	0.07	−0.67	0.504	0.84	1.09
	const	0.52	0.06	−5.40	<0.001	0.41	0.66			0.52	0.03	−9.76	<0.001	0.46	0.60
City	Var(const)	0.16	0.07			0.07	0.38			0.03	0.02			0.01	0.10
Sex role								6.98	0.0305							4.20	0.1222
	Insertive	Ref								Ref
	Receptive	1.19	0.10	2.08	0.037	1.01	1.40			1.00	0.08	−0.04	0.968	0.85	1.17
	Versatile	0.96	0.09	−0.46	0.647	0.81	1.14			1.16	0.10	1.79	0.073	0.99	1.37
	const	0.47	0.05	−6.53	<0.001	0.37	0.59			0.53	0.04	−7.96	<0.001	0.46	0.62
City	Var(const)	0.13	0.06			0.05	ß0.31			0.04	0.02			0.01	0.11
Substances used								56.72	<0.001							5.79	0.0552
	None	Ref								Ref
	1–2	1.48	0.11	5.40	<0.001	1.28	1.70			0.87	0.06	−1.97	0.049	0.76	1.00
	>2	2.35	0.30	6.76	<0.001	1.84	3.02			1.10	0.14	0.75	0.456	0.86	1.40
	const	0.36	0.04	−8.34	<0.001	0.28	0.46			0.56	0.04	−8.23	<0.001	0.49	0.65
City	Var(const)	0.16	0.07			0.07	0.36			0.03	0.02			0.01	0.10
HIV status knowledge								31.32	<0.001							0.5931	0.5931
	Tested negative	Ref								Ref
	Newly diagnosed	1.33	0.24	1.56	0.119	0.93	1.89			0.91	0.17	−0.51	0.609	0.64	1.30
	Already known	2.21	0.32	5.46	<0.001	1.67	2.95			1.14	0.17	0.86	0.391	0.85	1.52
	const	0.43	0.05	−7.56	<0.001	0.34	0.53			0.51	0.03	−11.2	<0.001	0.46	0.58
City	Var(const)	0.15	0.06			0.06	0.34			0.03	0.02			0.01	0.09
Had sex with female								2.63	0.1047							13.22	0.0003
	No	Ref								Ref
	Yes	0.84	0.09	−1.62	0.105	0.69	1.04			0.68	0.07	−3.64	<0.001	0.56	0.84
	const	0.47	0.06	−6.13	<0.001	0.37	0.60			0.56	0.04	−8.60	<0.001	0.49	0.64
City	Var(const)	0.18	0.08			0.08	0.41			0.04	0.02			0.01	0.12
Venues frequency								7.71	0.0211							2.53	0.2826
	No(0)	Ref								Ref
	Low (1–3)	1.00	0.09	0.04	0.97	0.84	1.19			0.89	0.07	−1.42	0.155	0.75	1.05
	High (3+)	1.27	0.13	2.27	0.023	1.03	1.57			0.87	0.09	−1.40	0.163	0.72	1.06
	const	0.43	0.05	−6.78	<0.001	0.34	0.55			0.58	0.05	−6.70	<0.001	0.49	0.68
City	Var(const)	0.14	0.06			0.06	0.32			0.03	0.02			0.01	0.09
Serostatus communication								6.56	0.0104							235.77	<0.001
	Unsuccessful	Ref								Ref
	Successful	0.83	0.06	−2.56	0.01	0.72	0.96			2.99	0.21	15.35	<0.001	2.60	3.44
	const	0.53	0.06	−5.88	<0.001	0.43	0.66			0.38	0.03	−12.88	<0.001	0.33	0.44
City	Var(const)	0.12	0.05			0.05	0.30			0.05	0.03			0.02	0.13
Migration Status								3.27	0.3514							11.98	0.0075
	Native	Ref								Ref
	Emigrant	1.57	0.43	1.67	0.095	0.92	2.68			2.05	0.54	2.73	0.006	1.22	3.42
	Immigrant	0.94	0.11	−0.58	0.564	0.75	1.17			0.96	0.10	−0.34	0.732	0.78	1.19
	Visitor	0.96	0.16	−0.26	0.794	0.68	1.34			1.37	0.21	2.11	0.035	1.02	1.85
	const	0.46	0.05	−7.1	<0.001	0.37	0.57			0.50	0.03	−11.29	<0.001	0.45	0.57
City	Var(const)	0.14	0.06			0.06	0.33			0.03	0.02			0.01	0.09

^{Notes: z = test statistic for an individual category in the bivariate model; P > z = significance of an individual category in the bivariate model; Wald Chi-square statistic and P-value are used to test the significance of a whole variable in the bivariate model; SE = Standard Error; OR: Odds Ratio}