Table 1.
Number of reported event terms per event group and specification according to treatment options with the related number of references
| Event groupsa | Specifications | Number of extracted terms | Number of references | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | N | A | OS | All | |||
| 1- Implant events | Migration (subsidence, tilt, shift) | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 20 | 18 |
| Radiolucency around the implant / implant loosening | 7 | 3 | 18 | 3 | 26 | 27 | |
| Breakage | 17 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 37 | |
| Disassembly | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| Malpositioning | 7 | 7 | 10 | 1 | 21 | 15 | |
| Screw or bolt back-out / loosening | 16 | 10 | – | 2 | 24 | 22 | |
| Hardware local irritation | 2 | – | – | – | 2 | 2 | |
| Other specific terms | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | |
| 2- Osteochondral events | Bone formation / resorption | 2 | 2 | 19 | 2 | 19 | 27 |
| Arthritis | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 13 | |
| Fracture around the implant | 5 | 7 | 25 | – | 35 | 28 | |
| Screw / bolt perforation / cutout | 46 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 58 | 64 | |
| Tuberosity migration / resorption | 8 | 5 | 29 | 3 | 39 | 37 | |
| Osteonecrosis | 20 | 13 | 3 | 8 | 26 | 78 | |
| Delayed / nonunion / malunion | 27 | 18 | 27 | 11 | 52 | 83 | |
| Malreduction / loss of reduction / fracture displacement | 65 | 23 | 14 | 17 | 97 | 75 | |
| 3- Shoulder instability | General terms | 1 | 1 | 4 | – | 6 | 13 |
| Subluxation | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 2 | |
| Dislocation | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 9 | 24 | |
| 4- Shoulder pain (idiopathic) | General terms | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 33 |
| 5- Peripheral neurological events | General terms | 3 | 2 | 5 | – | 6 | 10 |
| Sensory and/or motor disturbance: cervical or brachial plexus | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 5 | |
| Sensory and/or motor disturbance: branch neuropathy | 27 | 7 | 15 | 13 | 42 | 41 | |
| Autonomic disturbance: CRPS | 2 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 12 | |
| 6- Vascular events | Hematoma which requires evacuation by needle or surgery | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 20 |
| Superficial and deep thrombosis at the involved extremity | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
| Other specific terms | 4 | – | 4 | 2 | 10 | 10 | |
| 7- Infections | Not specified | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 55 |
| SSI: superficial | 7 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 19 | |
| SSI: deep | 6 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 26 | |
| Late hematogenous infections | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | |
| 8- Superficial soft tissue events | Early events | 5 | 1 | 1 | – | 7 | 6 |
| Late events: hypertrophic scar and keloid | 2 | 1 | – | 2 | 4 | 3 | |
| 9- Deep soft tissue events | Affecting the subacromial / subcoracoidal space | 17 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 23 | 49 |
| Affecting the biceps | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | |
| Affecting the capsule (shoulder stiffness, metallosis) | 8 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 38 | |
| Affecting the rotator cuff | 9 | 19 | 15 | 1 | 34 | 34 | |
| Affecting the deltoid | 1 | – | 2 | – | 3 | 3 | |
| Other terms | – | – | 2 | – | 2 | 2 | |
P plate osteosynthesis, N intramedullary nail fixation, A arthroplasty, OS other surgical techniques, All all surgical treatment options combined, CRPS complex regional pain syndrome, SSI surgical site infections
aEvent groups were considered from a previous international consensus process for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [10] and shoulder arthroplasty [11]