Table 1.
Descriptive table of analytical sample
| N = 4663 | N (%)/mean (S.D) | Individually-based loneliness (%) | Area-based loneliness (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Males | 43.8% | 13.7 | 19.3 |
| Females | 56.2% | 20.6 | 28.8 | |
| Age | Wave 3 | 65.5 (7.9) | 19.3 | 24.8 |
| Wave 7 | 72.8 (7.1) | 17.6 | 24.6 | |
| SOCIAL NETWORK | ||||
| Marital status | (Re) married/partnership | 2903 (62.3) | 10.9 | 19.5 |
| Always single | 207 (4.4) | 23.7 | 24.7 | |
| Divorced/separated | 510 (10.9) | 28.5 | 33.7 | |
| Widowed/partner died | 1043 (22.4) | 31.5 | 36.1 | |
| Missing (N) | 0 | |||
| Has close relationship with 2+ family member/friend | Yes | 3528 (87.5) | 15.4 | 23.2 |
| No | 506 (12.5) | 33.8 | 35.1 | |
| Missing (N) | 629 | |||
| Active civic participation | Yes | 2825 (74.2) | 15.4 | 21.8 |
| No | 983 (25,8) | 22.6 | 30.0 | |
| Missing | 855 | |||
| Part of job market | Out of job market | 3928 (84.4) | 18.1 | 25.0 |
| Employed/semi-employed | 530 (11.4) | 13.2 | 20.2 | |
| Looking after home/family | 194 (4.2) | 19.5 | 29.3 | |
| Missing | 11 | |||
| HEALTH STATUS | ||||
| Self-rated health (wave 4) | Excellent /very good/good | 3125 (70.3) | 13.3 | 21.3 |
| Fair/poor | 1318 (29.7) | 29.1 | 33.5 | |
| Missing | 220 | |||
| Depressive symptoms | No | 3524 (80.4) | 10.9 | 20.4 |
| 3+ out of 8 | 860 (19.6) | 47.7 | 42.7 | |
| Missing | 279 | |||
| Activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) | No difficulties | 3433 (73.6) | 14.4 | 22.4 |
| Difficulty with 1+ | 1228 (26.4) | 28.6 | 32.0 | |
| Missing | 2 | |||
| Long-standing illness | No | 1848(39.7) | 13.4 | 20.4 |
| Yes, not limiting | 947 (20.3) | 14.8 | 24.0 | |
| Yes, limiting | 1866 (40.0) | 23.8 | 29.6 | |
| Missing | 2 | |||
|
Reported loneliness (UCLA scale) |
No | 3208 (82.5) | n/a | 18.1 |
| Yes (6+ out of 9) | 683 (17.6) | 54.0 | ||
| Missing | 772 | |||
| Feel lonely living in this area | No | 2993 (75.4) | 10.6 | n/a |
| Yes (4+ out of 7) | 957 (24.6) | 38.6 | ||
| Missing | 773 | |||
| GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS (wave 6) | ||||
| Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) | 1st quintile (least deprived) | 1163 (26.0) | 13.3 | 19.4 |
| 2nd | 1181 (26.4) | 17.7 | 23.8 | |
| 3rd | 899 (20.1) | 17.4 | 24.3 | |
| 4th | 735 (16.4) | 19.5 | 28.9 | |
| 5th | 500 (11.2) | 23.2 | 31.6 | |
| Missing | 185 | |||
| Urban/rural distribution | Urban | 3271 (72.6) | 17.7 | 25.3 |
| Town/fringe | 565 (12.5) | 17.7 | 21.0 | |
| Village | 497 (11.0) | 15.1 | 23.1 | |
| Hamlets /isolated dwellings | 174 (3.9) | 15.8 | 23.3 | |
| Missing | 156 | |||
| Geographical regions | London | 385 (8.6) | 13.0 | 25.9 |
| North East | 276 (6.1) | 14.6 | 20.1 | |
| North West | 503 (11.2) | 18.3 | 21.8 | |
| Yorkshire and The Humber | 487 (10.8) | 19.5 | 26.4 | |
| East Midlands | 478 (10.6) | 18.8 | 22.0 | |
| West Midlands | 494 (11.0) | 19.6 | 23.4 | |
| East of England | 580 (12.9) | 15.6 | 26.5 | |
| South East | 761 (16.9) | 15.5 | 25.5 | |
| South West | 532 (11.8) | 20.1 | 25.4 | |
| Missing | 167 | |||