Table 3.

Gut microbiota alteration and liver transplantation.

Authors	Population	N	Comparison	Implicated microbiota			Methodology
Authors	Population	N	Comparison	Phylum	Family	Genus	Methodology

Sun et al.⁷⁹	Post-LT patients Healthy controls	9 15	Post-LT vs Pre-LT	Proteobacteria Proteobacteria Actinobacteria Proteobacteria Proteobacteria Verrucomicrobia	Pasteurellaceae Enterobacteriaceae Micromonosporaceae Desulfobacteraceae Eubacteriaceae Akkermansiaceae	Actinobacillus ^↓ Escherichia^↓ and Shigella^↓ Micromonosporaceae ^↑ Desulfobacterales ^↑ the Sarcina genus of Eubacteriaceae ^↑ Akkermansia ^↑	MiSeq-PE250 sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA (Stool sample)

Bajaj et al.⁸⁰	Outpatient patients with cirrhosis on the LT list Healthy controls	45 45	Improved cognition post-LT vs Pre-LT	Proteobacteria ^↓ and Firmicutes ^↑	N/A	N/A	Multitagged sequencing; 16s rRNA (V1-V2) sequencing (Stool sample)

			Not improved cognition after LT vs Healthy	Proteobacteria ^↑ and Firmicutes ^↓	N/A	N/A
			post-LT vs Pre-LT	Firmicutes (−)	Ruminococcaceae ^↑ and Lachnospiraceae ^↑	N/A
				Bacteroidetes (−)	N/A	N/A
				Proteobacteria (−)	Enterobacteriaceae	Escherichia ^↓, Salmonella^↓ and Shigella ^↓

			Pre-LT patients vs Healthy Post-LT patients vs Healthy	Proteobacteria (−) Firmicutes (−) Actinobacteria Bacteroidetes	Enterobacteriaceae Ruminococcaceae ^↑ and Lachnospiraceae ^↑ Bifidobacteriaceae ^↓ Bacteroidaceae^↑	Escherichia, ^↑ Shigella, ^↑ Salmonella ^↑ N/A N/A N/A

Bajaj et al.⁸¹	Patients with cirrhosis	40	Post-LT vs Pre-LT	Proteobacteria Proteobacteria Proteobacteria Actinobacteria Firmicutes Firmicutes Firmicutes Firmicutes Firmicutes Firmicutes Bacteroidetes	Enterobacteriaceae Sutterellaceae Desulfovibrionales Bifidobacteriaceae Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI Ruminococcaceae Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XIII Lachnospiraceae Streptococcaceae Clostridiaceae Rikenellaceae	Shigella^↓, Escherichia ^↓, and Salmone^↓ Suterella ^↑ Bilophila^↑ Bifidobacterium ^↓ Desulfatibacter ^↑, and Sporanaerobacter^↑ ClostridiumlV^↑, Osdiiibocte^↑, Anaerovorax ^↑ Anaerostipes^↑, Clostridium XIVb ^↑, Blautia^↑ Roseburia^↑, and Dorea^↑ Streptococcus^↑ Butyricicoccus^↑, CtostridiumXIVa ^↑ Alistipes^↑	Multitagged sequencing (Stool sample)

Comparison of condition A vs condition B:

^↑

signifies an increase in condition A relative to condition B.

^↓

signifies a decrease in condition A relative to condition B.

(−) signifies no changes in condition A relative to condition B.

Abbreviations: LT, liver transplantation; N/A, not applicable.