Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <9.4 | 9.4–15 | >15 | ||
| N | 893 | 282 | 295 | |
| Age | 69.7±13.3 | 70.0±13.5 | 71.4±13.8 | 0.050 |
| Sex, n(%) | 0.004 | |||
| Female | 431 (48.3) | 104 (36.9) | 134 (45.4) | |
| Male | 462 (51.7) | 178 (63.1) | 161 (54.6) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.003 | |||
| White | 614 (68.8) | 195 (69.1) | 218 (73.9) | |
| Black | 120 (13.4) | 20 (7.1) | 24 (8.1) | |
| Other | 159 (17.8) | 67 (23.8) | 53 (18.0) | |
| LOS_ICU | 5.8±6.8 | 7.5±9.5 | 8.6±11.5 | <0.001 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 85.1±16.4 | 89.7±15.9 | 85.3±17.0 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 107.7±15.5 | 106.3±15.4 | 107.1±14.5 | 0.352 |
| DBP, mmHg | 57.2±9.9 | 57.3±10.5 | 56.3±9.5 | 0.374 |
| MBP, mmHg | 73.1±10.1 | 73.4±10.8 | 73.0±9.9 | 0.796 |
| Respiratory rate, beats/minute | 19.8±4.1 | 20.8±4.0 | 19.8±4.1 | <0.001 |
| Temperature, °C | 36.7±0.8 | 36.7±0.9 | 36.6±0.8 | 0.228 |
| SPO2, % | 96.7±4.1 | 96.2±4.7 | 97.1±3.0 | 0.006 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Anion gap, mmol/l | 18.1±5.0 | 18.7±4.8 | 18.4±5.2 | 0.070 |
| Serum bicarbonate, mmol/l | 25.1±5.3 | 24.1±4.2 | 24.0±4.7 | <0.001 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/l | 139.2±4.5 | 139.4±4.5 | 139.6±5.6 | 0.349 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/l | 4.9±1.0 | 5.0±1.0 | 5.0±1.1 | 0.213 |
| Serum chloride, mmol/l | 104.7±6.5 | 105.7±6.3 | 105.9±7.7 | 0.011 |
| Serum glucose, mg/dl | 203.2±112.9 | 233.7±142.7 | 220.5±101.0 | <0.001 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 41.8±26.9 | 39.1±25.5 | 43.5±28.6 | 0.132 |
| SCr, mg/dl | 2.2±2.0 | 2.0±1.4 | 2.3±2.2 | 0.205 |
| Hematocrit | 36.0±6.4 | 36.9±6.2 | 35.9±5.7 | 0.042 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 11.8±2.2 | 12.2±2.2 | 11.7±1.9 | 0.017 |
| Platelet count, 109/l | 252.9±122.0 | 277.5±121.2 | 270.0±122.4 | <0.001 |
| WBC count, 109/l | 13.2±6.8 | 15.8±6.7 | 17.1±8.4 | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil,% | 72.8±13.4 | 86.0±5.7 | 89.4±6.1 | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte,% | 18.9±11.4 | 7.2±1.0 | 4.1±1.1 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| CAD | 455 (51.0) | 159 (56.4) | 171 (58.0) | 0.060 |
| CHF | 459 (51.4) | 113 (40.1) | 121 (41.0) | <0.001 |
| AF | 444 (49.7) | 119 (42.2) | 149 (50.5) | 0.064 |
| Stroke | 46 (5.2) | 8 (2.8) | 16 (5.4) | 0.236 |
| Pneumonia | 242 (27.1) | 90 (31.9) | 96 (32.5) | 0.105 |
| Respiratory failure | 353 (39.5) | 114 (40.4) | 144 (48.8) | 0.018 |
| Chronic liver disease | 26 (2.9) | 3 (1.1) | 12 (4.1) | 0.072 |
| Chronic renal disease | 282 (31.6) | 66 (23.4) | 68 (23.1) | 0.002 |
| Malignancy | 94 (10.5) | 30 (10.6) | 31 (10.5) | 0.998 |
| Vasoactive drug, n (%) | 549 (61.5) | 191 (67.7) | 213 (72.2) | 0.002 |
| Scoring systems, mean (Q1–Q3) | ||||
| SOFA | 6.0±3.5 | 6.3±3.3 | 6.6±3.7 | 0.069 |
| SAPSII | 42.8±14.5 | 44.9±13.6 | 46.7±15.3 | <0.001 |
N – number; LOS_ICU – length of stay in intensive care unit; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; MBP – mean blood pressure; SPO2 – percutaneous oxygen saturation; BUN – blood urea nitrogen; SCr – serum creatinine; WBC – white blood cell; CAD – coronary heart disease; CHF – congestive heart failure; AF – atrial fibrillation; SOFA – Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPSII – Simplified Acute Physiology Score. Normally distributed data are presented as the mean±SD, non-normally distributed data are presented as median (IQR) and categorical variables are presented as n (%).