Table 1.
Recent clinical trials investigating the combinations of drugs and sorafenib in HCC.
| Drug combined with sorafenib (target) | Research stage | Dose of drug | Dose of sorafenib | OS of sorafenib | OS of combination | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-fluorouracil | phase II | 200 mg/m2 day 1–14 every 3 weeks | 400 mg twice daily | / | 13.7 months | Effective | Petrini et al.125 |
| Lenalidomide (immune system) | phase I | 10 mg daily | 400 mg daily | / | 5.9 months | Ineffective | Shahda et al.126 |
| Selumetinib (RAS/RAF/MAPK) | phase Ib | 75 mg twice daily | 400 mg twice daily | / | 14.4 months | Effective | Tai et al.127 |
| Everolimus (mTOR) | phase II | 5 mg daily | 800 mg daily | 10 months | 12 months | Ineffective | Koeberle et al.71 |
| TRC105 (CD105) | phase I | 3,6,10,15 mg/kg every 2 weeks | 400 mg twice daily | / | 15.5 months | Effective | Duffy et al.128 |
| Codrituzumab (glypican-3) |
phase Ib | 1600 mg every 2 weeks | 400 mg twice daily | / | / | Ineffective | Abou-Alfa et al.129 |
| Capecitabine | phase II | 500–850 mg/m2 daily | 200–400 mg daily | / | 12.7 months | Effective | Patt et al.124 |
| Gemcitabine | phase II | 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8 of a four-week cycle | 400 mg twice daily | / | / | Ineffective | Naqi et al.130 |
| Tivantinib (Met) | phase I | 240 mg twice daily | 400 mg twice daily | / | / | Effective | Puzanov et al.115 |
| Mapatumumab (TRAIL) | phase II | 30 mg/kg on day 1 per 21-day cycle | 400 mg twice daily | 10.1 months | 10 months | Ineffective | Ciuleanu et al.131 |
| AEG35156 (XIAP) | phase II | 300 mg weekly | 400 mg twice daily | 5.4 months | 6.5 months | Effective | Lee et al.132 |
| Resminostat (HDACs) | phase I/II | 200–600 mg daily | 400–800 mg daily | 4.1 months | 8 months | Effective | Bitzer et al.122 |
| Refametinib (MEK) | phase II | 50 mg twice daily | 600 mg daily | / | 9.6 months | Effective | Lim et al.133 |
| S-1* | phase I/II | 64 mg/m2 daily | 800 mg daily | / | 10.5 months | Effective | Ooka et al.134 |
| Trebananib (Ang-1, Ang-2) | phase II | 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg weekly | 400 mg twice daily | / | 11/17 months | Ineffective | Abou-Alfa et al.135 |
| Bevacizumab (VEGF) | phase I/II | phase I: 1.25 mg/kg day 1 and 15; phase II: 2.5 mg/kg weekly | phase I: 400 mg twice daily days 1–28; phase II: 200 mg daily twice days 1–28 | / | 13.3 months | Ineffective | Hubbard et al.136 |
*
S-1 is an anticancer drug comprising three components: Tegafur, 5-chloride-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, and oteracil potassium (molar concentration ratio = 1:0.4:1).
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HDAC, histone deacetylase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; OS, overall survival; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.