Table 2.
Comparison of variables among subjects divided in Group I (ASD and no PH group) (n = 18), group II (persistent left-to-right shunt ASD and PH group) (n = 40) and group III (ASD and ES group) (n = 23).
| The variables | Group I (n = 18) | Group II (n = 40) | Group III (n = 23) | p Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 30.1 ± 10.6 | 36.7 ± 13.9 | 30.9 ± 10.2 | 0.079 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 14 (78) | 35 (88) | 20 (87) | 0.604 |
| Six minute walking distance (m), mean ± SD | 390.69 ± 75.9 | 342.46 ± 111.81 | 317.86 ± 98.84 | 0.096a |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | 6 (33.3) | 10 (25.0) | 6 (26.1) | 0.872 |
| Class I | 11 (61.1) | 27 (67.5) | 14 (60.9) | |
| Class II | 1 (5.6) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (13.0) | |
| Class III | ||||
| Peripheral O2 saturation (%), mean ± SD | 98.5 ± 0.7 | 97.2 ± 3.9 | 89.6 ± 8.6 | < 0.001b |
| ASD diameter (cm), mean ± SD | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 0.630 |
| TAPSE (mm), mean ± SD | 27.5 ± 5.1 | 24.7 ± 5.4 | 21.7 ± 4.2 | 0.002c |
| RVED diameter (mm), mean ± SD | 40.1 ± 3.9 | 46.7 ± 7.4 | 48.0 ± 6.1 | < 0.001d |
| mPAP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 19.3 ± 3.5 | 41.1 ± 10.3 | 68.4 ± 15.0 | < 0.001e |
| Flow ratio, mean ± SD | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | < 0.001f |
| RVSP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 40.7 ± 8.6 | 69.6 ± 23.8 | 103.3 ± 20.9 | < 0.001g |
| PVR (Wood Unit), mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 2.6 | 25.9 ± 11.6 | < 0.001h |
| mAoP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 95.6 ± 12.2 | 100.9 ± 13.9 | 95.5 ± 14.1 | 0.209 |
| mLAP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 8.8 ± 2.6 | 13.3 ± 6.3 | 9.6 ± 4.5 | 0.004i |
| sST2 level (ng/mL), median (quartiles)l | 17.4 (12.5–27.3) | 21.8 (12.7–32.3) | 29.4 (19.1–37.6) | 0.038j |
| NT-pro BNP level (pg/mL), median (quartiles)l | 128.5 (48.2–280.7) | 745.7 (181.2–2178.3) | 1189.0 (674.6–2721.0) | < 0.001k |
SD: standard deviation; ASD: atrial septal defect; TAPSE: tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion; RVED: right ventricle end diastolic; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; RVSP: right ventricle systolic pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; NT-pro BNP: N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; mAoP: mean aorta pressure; mLAP: mean left atrial pressure; sST2: soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2.
Post-Hoc analysis:
Group I vs. group III (p = 0.032).
b,hGroup I vs. group III (p < 0.001), group II vs. group III (p < 0.001).
Group I vs. group III (p < 0.001), group II vs. group III (p = 0.028).
d,kGroup I vs. group II (p = 0.001), group I vs. group III (p < 0.001).
e,gGroup I vs. groupII (p < 0.001), group I vs. group III (p < 0.001), group II vs. group III (p < 0.001).
Group I vs. group II (p = 0.030), group I vs. group III (p < 0.001), group II vs. group III (p < 0.001).
Group I vs. group II (p = 0.004), group II vs. group III (p = 0.009).
Group I vs. group III (p = 0.010).
Non-parametric test: Kruskal–Wallis, with post-hoc Mann–Whitney test.