. 2018 Dec 29;3(1):315–328. doi: 10.1093/tas/txy147

Table 2.

Effects of isoflavones and fescue seed type on serum hormone and metabolite concentrations in beef steers*

Measurement	Isoflavones^†				SEM	P-value
	0 mg		943 mg
	Fescue seed type^‡
	E+	E−	E+	E−		Seed	Treatment	Seed × treatment
Insulin,* ng × mL⁻¹	0.63	0.47	0.59	0.66	0.13	0.71	0.59	0.41
Glucose, mg × dL⁻¹	134.8	114.12	92.42	92.38	15.82	0.36	0.023	0.37
NEFA, ng × mL⁻¹	81.84	104.79	80.96	122.31	17.23	0.11	0.64	0.62
SUN, mg × dL⁻¹	4.32	5.06	4.46	5.46	0.48	0.12	0.59	0.79
IGF-1, ng × mL⁻¹	171.40	207.34	111.19	136.53	30.24	0.33	0.06	0.86
Prolactin, ng × mL⁻¹	1.32	15.67	2.22	20.65	1.44	0.0007	0.32	0.75

*Data reported as LSMeans (n = 9/treatment group).

^†Isoflavone treatment administered at 0 mg × steer⁻¹ × d⁻¹ or 943 mg × steer⁻¹ × d⁻¹.

^‡Endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue seed (0.011 mg ergovaline × kg BW⁻¹ × d⁻¹) or endophyte-free (E−) tall fescue seed (0 mg ergot alkaloids × kg BW⁻¹ × d⁻¹) mixed in total ration, which was fed ad libitum.