Table 3:
Cardiac Ganglion Ablation Studies
| Study | Number of Patients | Type of Study | Method of Site Selection | Areas of Ablation | Follow-up Period/Syncope Recurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pachon et al. 201146 | 43 | Prospective cohort | Spectral mapping and anatomic | Areas of fibrillar myocardium (identified by spectral mapping) in the LA and RA; anatomic endocardial ablation of epicardial fat pads in the area between the aorta and SVC, between the right PVs and the RA, and the inferoposterior interatrial septum | 22 months/3 patients had syncope recurrence |
| Scanavacca et al. 200947 | 1 | Case report | HFS | Right superior and inferior ganglia of the posterior interseptal area | 12 months/3 recurrences |
| Yao et al. 201248 | 10 | Case series | HFS | Sequential ablation of four typical ganglionated plexi sites in the LA near the ostia of the PVs: between the LSPV and the LA, inferior to the LIPV, anterior to the RSPV, and inferior to the RIPV | 13–55 months/no syncope recurrence |
| Rebecchi et al. 201249 | 2 | Case series | Anatomic sites in the RA where ganglionated plexi are considered highly probable; ablation performed in “cloud-like” fashion | Superoposterior, posteromedial, and inferoposterior areas of the RA | Case 1: 8 months/no syncope recurrence Case 2: 5 months/no syncope recurrence |
| Debruyne et al. 201650 | 1 | Case report | Anatomic ablation of anterior right ganglionated plexus | Anterosuperior part of junction between the RSPV and the LA | 22 months/no syncope recurrence |
| Aksu et al. 201651 | 22 | Case series | Ablation of 3 anatomic sites (same as in Pachon et al.45), guided by spectral mapping with confirmatory HFS. Started in LA and moved to RA | Area between the aorta and the SVC, between the right PVs and the RA, and at the inferoposterior interatrial septum (same as Pachon et al.46) | 10.9 months/1 patient with syncope recurrence (0 patients in NCS group) |
LA: left atrium; RA: right atrium; SVC: superior vena cava; PVs: pulmonary veins; HFS: high-frequency stimulation; LSPV: left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV: left inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV: right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV: right inferior pulmonary vein.