Table 1:

Comparison of Baseline Characteristics Between Patients Who Received Postoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Those Who Did Not

	Postoperative Antibiotics (n = 401), n (%)	No Postoperative Antibiotics (n = 168), n (%)	p-value
Patient characteristics
Male gender	256 (63.8)	104 (58.1)	0.188
Renal impairment*	165 (41.3)	62 (35)	0.158
Dialysis	8 (2)	6 (3.4)	0.381
Heart failure	190 (52.6)	92 (51.4)	0.786
Chronic liver disease	18 (4.5)	5 (2.8)	0.331
Diabetes	122 (30.4)	56 (31.3)	0.835
History of malignancy	62 (15.5)	23 (12.8)	0.411
Anticoagulation	147 (36.7)	64 (35.8)	0.834
Chronic steroids	15 (3.8)	7 (3.9)	0.926
Periprocedural factors
Fever**	1 (0.4)	5 (5)	0.008***
Prior CIED infection	8 (2)	6 (3.4)	0.381
Indwelling line	15 (6.7)	11 (11.7)	0.140
Periprocedural pacing	11 (4.3)	13 (14.4)	0.001***
Two or more new leads implanted	258 (64.3)	93 (52)	0.005***
Device			0.518
ICD	149 (37.2)	59 (33)
PPM	156 (38.9)	72 (40.2)
Combination	2 (0.5)	0 (0)
CRT-D	83 (20.7)	45 (25.1)
CRT-P	11 (2.7)	3 (1.7)
Performing service			< 0.001***
Cardiology	380 (94.8)	74 (41.3)
Cardiothoracic surgery	17 (4.2)	88 (49.2)
Pediatric cardiology	2 (0.5)	14 (7.8)
Combined	2 (0.5)	3 (1.7)
Procedure			< 0.001***
Initial	299 (74.6)	82 (45.8)
Revision	87 (21.7)	94 (52.5)
Reimplantation	14 (3.5)	3 (1.7)
Postoperative hematoma	25 (9.9)	19 (17.3)	0.047***
Reintervention within 90 days	16 (4)	15 (8.4)	0.031***

CIED: cardiovascular implantable electronic device; CRT-D: cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator; CRT-P: cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker; ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; PPM: permanent pacemaker.

*Serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dL or estimated creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min upon admission.

**Fever within 24 hours prior to the procedure (defined as greater than 38°C) or hypothermia (defined as less than 35°C).

***Statistically significant.