Table 3:

Risk Factors for CIED Infection by Univariate Logistic Regression

Previously Identified Risk Factors10–14	CIED Infection
	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)	p-value
Patient characteristics
Renal impairment	1.357 (0.633–2.908)	0.433
Dialysis	3.327 (0.709–15.614)	0.128
Heart failure	2.504 (1.090–5.750)	0.030*
Chronic liver disease	6.157 (2.108–17.985)	0.001*
Diabetes	1.901 (0.894–4.041)	0.095
Anticoagulation	2.247 (1.059–4.768)	0.035*
Chronic steroids	3.225 (0.897–11.595)	0.073
Prior CIED infection	1.478 (0.187–11.703)	0.711
Periprocedural factors
Indwelling line	0.542 (0.070–4.209)	0.558
Periprocedural pacing	1.199 (0.152–9.445)	0.863
Two or more new leads implanted	1.253 (0.572–2.746)	0.573
Prior CIED procedure	0.578 (0.273–1.222)	0.151
Postoperative antibiotics	0.718 (0.332–1.553)	0.400

CIED: cardiovascular implantable electronic device.

*Statistically significant.