Table 2:

The application of Optogenetics in PNS

Application	Parameter	Opsins	Reference	Function
Axon Growth	20Hz, 5ms pulse, 1s stimulation/1s rest,1h	ChR2	Park S et al. (Park et al. 2015)	Optogenetic stimulation can promote axon growth and neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF) release in dorsal root ganglia
	N/A	blue-light activatable adenylyl cyclase	Xiao Y et al. (Xiao et al. 2015)	Promotes axon growth
	5 s / 5 min	the light-dependent activation of a guidance receptor, Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC)	Endo M et al. (Endo et al. 2016)	Controls direction of neurite outgrowth
Peripheral Nerve Control	50Hz, 5ms pulse N/A 20mW, 5ms , 1Hz	ChR2	Kang-II Song et al. (Kang-Il et al. 2015; Song et al. 2018) Michoud F et al. (Michoud et al. 2018) Towne C et al. (Towne et al. 2013)	Peripheral nerve control
	20 Hz, 2 ms pulse (ChR2) 17 Hz, 50 μs pulse (Jaws)	ChR2 Jaws	Maimin BE et al. (Maimon, Sparks, et al. 2018)	Two-colour optogentic stimulation in PNS
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration	175 W/mm, 10s on/ 50s off, 24h	ChR2	Sun L et al. (Sun et al. 2014)	Promotes neuronal regeneration via calcium release
	20 Hz,3 ms and 5ms pulse, continuous, 1h	ChR2	Ward P J et al. (Ward et al. 2018)	Promotes motor and sensor neuron regeneration
	20 Hz,1 ms pulse, continuous, 1h	ChR2	Ward P J et al. (Ward et al. 2016)	Functional motor axon regeneration
	10Hz, 1ms pulse, 0.5s on/1.5s off,1h	ChR2	Lee SY et al. (Lee SY et al. 2019)	Control differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuron
	20Hz, 5ms pulse, 1s stimulation/1s rest,1h	ChR2	Jung K et al. (Jung et al. 2019)	Promotes Schwann cell proliferation, differentiation, and myelination
Neuropathic Pain	0.3-0.45 mW/mm2,3s on/1s off N/A	Archaerhodopsin-3	Daou I et al. (Daou et al. 2016) Li B et al. (Li et al. 2015)	Relieves neuropathic pain
	N/A 12mW, 500ms pulse, 10s on/10s off	ChR2	Uhelski M L et al. (Uhelski et al. 2017) Tashima R et al. (Tashima et al. 2018)	Determines the functional properties of cutaneous nociceptors reveal the role of non-nociceptive Aβ fibers in sensor and pain