Figure 6:

Cumulative excretion of radioactivity 24 h following oral administration of 160 mg/kg [¹⁴C]choline without or with DMAE pre-treatment of 100 (1 or 3 doses) or 500 mg/kg in male Wistar Han rats. Cumulative percent dose A) excreted in urine, B) excreted in feces, C) excreted as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), D) excreted as expired CO₂. Rats in the DMAE pre-treatment groups received a single dose of 100 or 500 mg/kg DMAE 1 h prior to or 3 doses of 100 mg/kg DMAE 48, 24, and 1 h prior to [¹⁴C]choline administration. VOCs were below the limit of detection in the 100 mg/kg (x3) group.