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. 2020 May 7;5(9):e132055. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.132055

Figure 2. Probiotic therapy beneficially modulates gut microbiome in older obese mice.

Figure 2

(A–E) Gut microbiome signature in terms of β-diversity (A), α-diversity (Shannon index) (B), and abundance of major phyla (C), families (D), and genera (E) were significantly changed in probiotic-treated HFD-fed older mice (n = 5) compared with their controls (n = 5). (F–N) Specifically, probiotic therapy decreased Akkermansia muciniphila (F), Peptococcus niger (G), and Ruminicoccus gnavus (H) and increased C. histolyticum (I), C. thermosuccinogenes (J), Roseburia faecis (K), Enterococcus lactis (L), Bacteroides salanitronis (M), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (N). Values are mean of n = 5 in each group, and data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 by PERMANOVA (A), unpaired 2-tailed Student’s t test (F–N), and 1-way ANOVA (B–E).