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. 2020 May 7;5(9):e132055. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.132055

Figure 6. Probiotic therapy modulates gut metabolome and increases taurine production by enhancing bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in the gut of older HFD-fed mice.

Figure 6

(A–C) Untargeted-unbiased metabolomics analyses show that the production of distinct metabolites shown by principal component analysis (PCA) (A), group clustering (B), and fold change abundance enrichment (C) were significantly changed in probiotic-fed old mice (n = 5) compared with their controls (n = 5). (D) Similarly, metabolite heatmap shows differential clusters that are significantly changed in probiotic-fed older mice feces compared with controls. (E–I) Abundance of taurine (E) and total bile acids (F), glucose (G), butyrate (H) and propionate (I) was significantly increased in the feces of probiotic-fed older mice (n = 5) compared with their controls (n = 5). (H) Probiotics feeding significantly enhanced bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in the gut of older mice. Values are mean of n = 5 control and n = 5 probiotics group, and data are shown as mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. PLS-tool box in MatLab (A and B) and Welch t-test (E–J) were used.