Fig. 2.

Diversity and evolution of patches on the wings of Bicyclus butterflies. (A) From left: An example of patch 13 on the dorsal hindwing and combinations of patches 15, 16, and 17 on the ventral forewing of male Bicyclus butterflies. Note the broad area of silvery scales near the posterior margin of the ventral forewings. The number of patches and the name of the species are denoted at the bottom left. Colored arrows point to each patch and correspond to the colors used in the schematics in B and C. For examples of hindwing patches, refer to figure 1B. (B, C) Evolutionary history of (B) hindwing and (C) forewing scent patches at homologous positions on the wing within the Bicyclus lineage. Locations, number and color codes of the different patches are given in the schematic and their presence/absence in each species is listed to the right of the phylogenetic trees. Species for which data were not available are marked with “–.” Color codes of the patches match the codes of the corresponding hair-pencils in those sectors. Filled rectangles on the phylogenetic tree indicate the likely gains of the traits for which either a single- or a multiple-origin scenario at the MRCA of all the species bearing that trait was significantly supported. For traits where a single- or multiple-origins scenario was equally supported, a single-origin was mapped (black arrowheads).