TABLE 3.
Mesor, amplitude, and acrophase of gut microbiota compositionsa
| Group(s) | Acrophase (h) | Mesor | Amplitude | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microbiota at the phylum level | ||||
| Firmicutes | ||||
| Cont | 5.37 | 0.37 | 0.13 | <0.05 |
| HFD | ns | |||
| MelHF | 6.05 | 0.34 | 0.14 | <0.05 |
| Bacteroidetes | ||||
| Cont | 22.40 | 0.59 | 0.12 | <0.05 |
| HFD | 22.01 | 0.55 | 0.11 | <0.05 |
| MelHF | ns | |||
| Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria | ||||
| Cont, HFD, and MelHF | ns | |||
| Microbiota at the genus level | ||||
| Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio | ||||
| Cont, HFD, and MelHF | ns | |||
| Parasutterella | ||||
| Contr | 19.28 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.05 |
| HFD and MelHF | ns | |||
| Ruminococcacea | ns | |||
| Cont and HFD | ns | |||
| MelHF | 1.13 | 0.009 | 0.003 | <0.05 |
| Oscillibacter | ||||
| Cont | 2.92 | 0.002 | 0.002 | <0.01 |
| HFD | 2.48 | 0.0004 | 0.003 | <0.01 |
| MelHF | ns | |||
| Rikenella | ||||
| Cont | 0.35 | 0.006 | 0.003 | <0.05 |
| HFD | 2.19 | 0.005 | 0.003 | <0.05 |
| MelHF | ns | |||
| Lachnoclostridium | ||||
| Cont | 4.73 | 0.005 | 0.003 | <0.05 |
| HFD | 3.17 | 0.005 | 0.003 | <0.05 |
| MelHF | ns | |||
| Anaerotruncus | ||||
| Cont | 5.70 | 0.002 | 0.00004 | <0.01 |
| HFD | ns | |||
| MelHF | 3.35 | 0.003 | 0.002 | <0.01 |
| Lactobacillus | ||||
| Cont | 12.77 | 0.22 | 0.11 | <0.05 |
| HFD | 13.98 | 0.16 | 0.12 | <0.01 |
| MelHF | 12.85 | 0.17 | 0.17 | <0.01 |
| Alloprevotella | ||||
| Cont | 23.59 | 0.05 | 0.03 | <0.01 |
| HFD and MelHF | ns | |||
| Helicobacter | ||||
| Cont and HFD | ns | |||
| MelHF | 3.33 | 0.02 | 0.03 | <0.05 |
| Lachnospiraceae | ||||
| Cont | ns | |||
| HFD | 2.43 | 0.04 | 0.02 | <0.05 |
| MelHF | 2.74 | 0.03 | 0.03 | <0.05 |
| Intestinimonas | ||||
| Cont and MelHF | ns | |||
| HFD | 3.18 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 |
| Parabacteroides | ns | |||
| Cont | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.008 | <0.01 |
| HFD and MelHF | ns | |||
| Ruminiclostridium | ||||
| Cont | 2.83 | 0.007 | 0.007 | <0.05 |
| HFD | 1.59 | 0.01 | 0.008 | <0.05 |
| MelHF | 1.17 | 0.007 | 0.005 | <0.01 |
| Roseburia | ||||
| Cont and HFD | ns | |||
| MelHF | 3.68 | 0.002 | 0.002 | <0.01 |
| Clostridiales | ||||
| Cont, HFD, and MelHF | ns | |||
| Alistipes | ||||
| Cont | 23.14 | 0.004 | 0.002 | <0.01 |
| HFD and MelHF | ns |
a
The rhythmicity was assessed by cosinor analysis, and P < 0.05 indicated a significant rhythm; ns means the difference was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). The model can be written according to the equation f(x) = A + B cos [2 π(x + C)/24], with f(x) indicating relative expression levels of target genes, x indicating the time of sampling (h), A indicating the mean value of the cosine curve (midline estimating statistic of rhythm [mesor]), B indicating the amplitude of the curve (half of the sinusoid), and C indicating the acrophase (h).