a Africa, Asia, and Europe (2789 individuals, 114 populations). b Europe, Middle East, and Central and South Asia (1656 individuals, 79 populations; Ethiopian Jews are excluded). c Europe and Middle East (1288 individuals, 64 populations; Ethiopian and Indian Jews from Cochin and Mumbai are excluded). In c, groups are color-coded: Europe, light blue; Middle East, olive green; Ashkenazi Jewish, dark blue; Mizrahi Jewish, red; North African Jewish, orange; Sephardi Jewish, purple; Yemenite Jewish, green. Population symbols often overlap due to similar placement.