Table 1.

Cosmetic KTP.

No.	Authors	Number of eyes	Method of KTP	Type of pigment material	Outcomes and follow-up time
1	Alio et al. [36]	234 eyes	SAK, FAK, MIK	First GP, second GP and third generation CE mark pigments	12.82% of patients complained of surgical complication (45% organic and 55% functional complications) within 4 months to 13 years FU
2	Ferrari and van Haselenase [52]	1 healthy subject	Femtosecond-assisted annular KTP	Pigment neoris®-Biotic	No complications in 8 months FU
3	Alsmman et al. [53]	53 blind eyes with corneal disfiguring opacities	Multiple trans-epithelial intrastromal injections	Rotring painting ink	No complications in 12 months FU
4	Al-Shymali et al. [39]	127 cosmetically disabled eyes out of entire 136 eyes	SMK and SAK	First GP, second GP and third generation CE mark pigments	No complications reported up to 3 months, 12 eyes (11.2%) developed complications in more than 3 months FU
5	Jacob et al. [54]	3 eyes	(SMILE)-assisted sutureless corneal resurfacing with interface tattooing	Dye powder	No complications in 12–25 months FU
6	Lin et al. [40]	40 eyes	Anterior stromal puncture	Chinese ink	3 of 31 patients had recurrent bullae formation and received conjunctival flaps or a TSCL to relieve symptoms in 26.4 months FU
7	Bandivadekar et al. [21]	3 eyes	Bare corneal bed tattooing along with simple shave excision	2% Gold chloride, reduced by 1% hydrazine hydrate	No complications in 12 months FU
8	Alio et al. [41]	7 patients for purely cosmetic reasons	SAK, MIK, FAK	Micronized mineral pigments	No complications in 6–30 months FU
9	Liu et al. [55]	32 eyes	LK combined with KTP(22 patients) single-personalised KTP (10 patients)	India ink	No complications in 36 months FU
10	Park et al. [42]	33 eyes with total corneal opacity	Multiple non-continuous trans-epithelial puncture technique (pointage technique)	Black carbon particle suspension dye	9% developed delayed corneal epithelial healing in 12 months FU
11	Hos et al. [25]	6 eyes	Large lamellar limbus-to-limbus flap-based corneal tattooing and small central flap-based corneal tattooing	Liquid tattooing dyes	No complications in 1 year FU
12	Irfan et al. [9]	44 blind eye	Deeply stromal staining by a black precipitate agent	2% Gold chloride, reduced by 2% hydrazine hydrate	Minimal pigment loss was observed in 5 cases after 3 months and they underwent repeat procedure after 1 year FU
13	Cha et al. [56]	9 eyes with limbal dermoids	Inserting dye into the anterior stromal space by creating a long puncture canal	Tissue-marking dye	No complications noted during 3 years FU
14	Jeong et al. [24]	6 eyes with total leukoma	Anterior stromal space filling, created by air bubble infiltration	Tissue-marking dye	No complications during surgery and in 14 months FU
15	Kim et al. [34]	147 blind eyes	Anterior stroma needle puncturing	Tissue-marking dye	Re-opacification or increased opacity (n = 7), fading of colour (n = 5), epithelial growth (n = 5) in 5 years FU
16	Alio et al. [35]	37 out of total 40 eyes with disfiguring corneal opacities or severe leukoma	ICS (28 patients), SCS (8 patients), combined ICS and SCS (4 patients) in total patients	Mineral micronized pigments	No complications noted in 12 months FU
17	Chang et al. [57]	401 patients with corneal opacities	Repetitive anterior stromal injection	Tissue-marking dye	No complication noted except two patients had a residual corneal opacity in 15.7 months FU
18	Fogla et al. [58]	1 patient with poor cosmetic appearance	Inside the stromal bed over the area of corneal opacity and beneath the flap, overlying the stromal opacity with the help of an iris spatula	Dye powder (organic dye)	No complications during 9 months FU
19	Kim et al. [23]	6 eyes with total or partial corneal opacity	Femtosecond laser for dissection and flap creation	Tissue-marking dye	No complications except an incomplete lamellar cut within 6–16 months of FU
20	Kymionis et al. [26]	1 subject with leukocoria	FALT	Commercially available black tattoo pigment	No complications during 6 months FU
21	Lee et al. [59]	3 cases with corneal opacities	Ink injection beneath the amniotic membrane transplantation	India Ink Reagent Dropper	No complications in 15–20 months FU
22	Pitz et al. [3]	11 patients who were not consent for enucleation	Anterior stromal needle puncturing	Commercially available drawing ink	All patients complained about a surgically induced moderate foreign body sensation, conjunctival redness and corneal epithelial defect in 4 years of FU

SAK superficial automated keratopigmentation, FAK femtosecond-assisted keratopigmentation, MIK manual intralamellar keratopigmentation, GP generations of pigments, SMK superficial manual keratopigmentation, SMILE small-incision lenticule extraction, TSCL therapeutic soft contact lens, LK lamellar keratoplasty, ICS intralamellar corneal staining, SCS superficial corneal staining, FALT femtosecond-assisted anterior lamellar corneal tattoo, FU follow-up