Figure 10.

Two-photon calcium imaging of L1 fibers after bubble surgery. a–c, Successive slices in an image stack with intact fibers throughout L1. d, Reconstruction of the image stack. The reconstruction confirms that the bubble surgery does not affect L1. e, A recording during wakefulness was taken in L1. f, Individual regions of interest, indicated in e, show typical dendritic calcium activity. Recordings were taken at 4 Hz. This supports the observation that bubble surgery and peroxide application do not disrupt neuronal processes or kill neurons in the upper cortical layers.