Table 4.

Neuroimaging and neurophysiological features.

Patients	Laboratory tests
	MRI	AEEG	PET-CT
1	Bilateral centrum semiovale and lateral paraventricular ischemic white matter lesions	Normal	Head PET-CT: Metabolism of cerebral cortex (except deep occipital cortex) was decreased. Whole body PET-CT: There was no tumor-like hypermetabolism in the whole body
2	Bilateral MTL, abnormal signal	Right temporal lobe sharp wave	PET-CT of brain and trunk showed no obvious tumor such as hypermetabolism.
3	Normal	Interval EEG: left parietal, occipital and posterior temporal lobe slow wave and spike wave, left anterior temporal lobe sharp wave. Episodic EEG: probably originated from the left temporal lobe	The metabolism of left hippocampus, left temporal lobe, bilateral basal ganglia and left upper lobe of lung were increased, considered to be lung cancer. Left hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis.
4	Atrophy of right hippocampus	Right frontal lobe and anterior temporal lobe slow waves	Head PET-CT: The metabolism of the left posterior central gyrus was decreased, and suspected epileptogenic focus was considered. Whole body PET-CT: There was no tumor-like hypermetabolism in the whole body
5	Normal	Normal
6	Multiple patchy and slightly long T1 and slightly long T2 signal shadows in the bilateral frontal lobe, temporal lobe and insula. FLAIR sequence showed strong signal, DWI showed strong signal, and enhanced scanning showed linear enhancement in bilateral frontal temporal pia mater	1.5–2.5 Hz δ wave in bilateral frontal, anterior middle temporal lobe and frontal midline (Fz) areas
7	A few lacunar and ischemic foci in bilateral corona radiata	Interval EEG: 4–6 Hz θ rhythm in bilateral frontal and midline (Fz) areas, spike wave in the left parietal, occipital and posterior temporal lobes, sharp wave in the left frontal and anterior temporal lobe; Episodic EEG: probably originated from the left anterior temporal lobe	Head PET-CT: The metabolism of the left angular gyrus, the left superior marginal gyrus and the left temporal lobe was decreased, the metabolism of the left hippocampus was increased. Whole body PET-CT: There were small lymph nodes with increased metabolism in the left hilum. It was probably a non-specific inflammatory change.
8	Atrophy of bilateral hippocampus	Interval EEG: sharp and slow waves in the right anterior middle temporal lobe. Left parietal, occipital and posterior temporal sharp waves. Left anterior middle temporal lobe sharp wave. Episodic EEG: probably originated from the right anterior temporal lobe	Head PET-CT: Metabolism of the medial and basal ganglia of both temporal lobes was increased. Whole body PET-CT: Inflammatory lymph nodes of the right hilum; bullae of the upper lobe and fibrous cord shadow of the lower lobe of the right lung
9	Encephalomalacia and chronic hemorrhagic foci in left temporal lobe	Normal
10	Multiple ischemic white matter lesions	4–6 Hz θ wave and 2.5–3.5 Hz δ wave in the left frontal and anterior middle temporal lobes	Head PET-CT: The metabolism of the medial temporal lobe, amygdala and hippocampus increased, which was consistent with the change in tumor associated encephalitis. Whole body PET-CT: The nodular shadow of metabolic increases in the left lower lobe of the lung was considered to be a malignant disease, with the possibility of lymph node metastasis in the left hilum.
11	Left hippocampal volume slightly reduced	The spike wave and spike slow wave of bilateral frontal pole, forehead, center and anterior middle temporal lobe were not distributed synchronously, and the anterior middle temporal area was obvious, especially the right side	Head PET-CT: The metabolic distribution of bilateral temporal lobe was slightly uneven. Whole body PET-CT: Multiple slightly large lymph nodes in the mediastinum, tending to inflammatory hyperplasia.
12	Gliosis of right hippocampus	Normal
13	Bilateral MTL and hippocampus, abnormal signal	All leads fast wave
14	Multiple ischemic white matter lesions	The state of non-convulsive epilepsy was persistent, and the interval EEG was slow and fast in bilateral frontal and anterior middle temporal areas. Attack period: the patient's responses were slow; her answers were not in line with what we asked; and the EEG showed slow wave, sharp wave and fast rhythm in bilateral frontal and anterior middle temporal areas. After an intravenous injection of diazepam, the patient's consciousness gradually cleared, and EEG slow wave signals gradually disappeared at the same time.	Head PET-CT: Bilateral lenticular nucleus and bilateral hippocampal metabolism increased. Whole body PET-CT: There were multiple hypermetabolic lymph nodes in the right hilum, mediastinum and supraclavicular fossa, considered to be lymph node metastasis.