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. 2020 May 5;3:e4. doi: 10.1017/pen.2020.5

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© The Author(s) 2020

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Conservation of the primordial PAG with expansion of motivational controls systems such as the GIS. (a) Attraction, repulsion and inhibition (conflict) modules within the PAG. (b) This core is retained during phylogenetic expansion as higher levels of control are added. (c) Location and appearance vary across phyla but fundamental organisation is not changed. (d) During expansion, receptors for endogenous benzodiazepines are conserved in those structures for which benzodiazepine modulation is not maladaptive. Panels (a) and (c) based on Silva and McNaughton (2019), with permission. DM: dorsomedial PAG; DL: dorsolateral PAG; L: lateral PAG; VL: ventrolateral PAG; DR: dorsal raphe nucleus; e: external part; i: internal part.