FIGURE 4.
Venous oximetry and flow-mediated dilation. (A) Post-cuff release venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) interleaved with vessel wall imaging to derive femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurement at 60, 90, and 120 s following cuff deflation, with respect to the lumen at rest (B). (B–D) Pre vs. post-e-cig vaping differences for the extracted metrics: (B,D) luminal FMD (FMDL), (C) pre-cuff occlusion baseline SvO2 [SvO2(b)], washout time (TW), and overshoot (A,B are original, produced from data already published in Caporale et al., 2019; (C,D) are modified from Caporale et al., 2019; Figure 5, with permission from RSNA publisher).