Table 1.
Study characteristics of the studies examining the effects of bariatric surgeries on fertility outcomes
| Study citation | Study design | n. | Sex | Age | Type of surgery | Initial weight | Weight evaluation timeframe | Weight changes after surgery | Fertility outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facchiano E, et al. (2013) | Prospective cohort | 20 | M | 27–47 | LGBP/LGB/LBPD | BMI 40.5 | 6 months | Mean BMI 34.8 | Sex hormones, sex hormone binding protein |
| El Bardisi H, et al. (2016) | Prospective cohort | 50 | M | 29–44 | LSG | BMI 71.4 | 12 months | Median BMI 22.8 | Sex hormones, semen normalized, sperm detection with azoospermia, and sperm count |
| Hammoud A, et al. (2009) | Prospective cohort | 64 | M | Mean 49 | RYGB | BMI 46.2 | 2 years | Mean BMI −16.6 | Sex hormones and sexual quality of life |
| Legro RS, et al. (2015) | Prospective cohort | 6 | M | 18–40 | RYGB | BMI 49 | 1, 3, 6,12 and 24 months | BMI −6, −11, −15, −18, −19 at follow up points | Serum sex hormones and sex hormone binding protein, semen volume, concentration, and motility, and erectile function |
| Luconi M, et al. (2013) | Prospective cohort | 24 | M | 31.2–46.7 | RYGB/AGB/BPD | BMI 43.9; 139.2 kg | 6 and 12 months | 6M=105 kg, 12M=104 kg | Sex hormones and sex hormone binding protein |
| Samavat J, et al. (2018) | Two-armed prospective cohort | 31 | M | Not Specified | LRYGB | Not Specified | 6 months | Not Specified | Sex hormones, sperm motility, sperm number, semen volume and concentration |
| Reis LO, et al. (2012) | Randomized controlled trial | 20 | M | Mean 39.3 | RYGB | Weight 168.6 kg; BMI 55.7 | T1=4 months nonsurgical intervention, T2=20 months after surgery | Mean BMI −12.6 at T1 & −24.7 at T2. | International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, sex hormones, sperm volume, motility, normal morphology |
| Edison E, et al. (2016) | Retrospective | 15,222 | F | 18–45 | RYGB/AGB/LSG/G astric Balloon/BPD Duodenal Switch | BMI 48.2 | 12 months | Mean BMI 37.3 | Menstrual dysfunction, PCOS |
| Goldman RH, et al. (2016) | Pre- and post-test between surgery and control group | 219 | F | 18–45 | RYGB/AGB | BMI >35 | 18 months | BMI −14.71±6.35 in the RYGB group and −9.17±6.16 in the AGB group | Menstrual regularity, self-reported infertility/pregnancy history (term birth, miscarriage, live birth, and birth weight) |
| Jamal M, et al. (2012) | Cross-sectional | 20 | F | 22–42 | RYGB | BMI 52.8±9.08 | 3–5 years | Mean BMI 34.3±5.7 | Menstruation regularity, hirsutism, PCOS, and conception |
| Khazraei H, et al. (2017) | Retrospective chart review | 221 | F | Mean 36 | LSG | Mean BMI 44; 116.31 kg | 12 months | Mean −40.09 kg | Pregnancy, menstruation, hirsutism |
| Kjaer MM, et al. (2017) | Prospective cohort | 31 | F | Mean 34 (22–49) | RYGB | BMI 44.1±5.8 | 3, 6 and 12 months | BMI 35.5±5.2, 32.4±4.9, 30.3±5.8 at follow up points | PCOS, irregular menstrual periods, and sex hormones. |
| Legro RS, et al. (2012) | Prospective cohort | 29 | F | Mean 34.5±4.3 | RYGB | BMI 49±7; 132 kg±17 | 1, 3, 6, 12, and up to 24 months | −15, −29, −40, −50, −51 kg at follow up points | Conception, menstruation, sexual function, SHBG, sex hormones |
| Luyssen J, et al. (2018) | Prospective cohort | 71 | F | 18–43 | LRYGB/LSG | BMI 42.0 | 6 and12 months | −34.9±7.2 kg, −43±9.6 kg | Menstrual frequency, pattern, cycle and duration, intimate relationship, frequency of sex, and sexual satisfaction. |
| Musella M, et al. (2011) | Retrospective chart review | 23 | F | Mean 31±4.8 (22–39) | Intragastric Balloon | BMI 41±2.7 | At least 1 year follow up | Mean BMI −7.5±1.1 | Pregnancy, infertility defined as inability to carry pregnancy to live birth after one year of regular unprotected sex |
| Musella M, et al. (2012) | Case control retrospective chart review | 110 | F | Pregnant: 29.3±3.9, Non-pregnant: 28.6±3.2 | Intragastric Balloon/AGB/LSG/RY GB | BMI Pregnant: 43.9±4.1, Non-pregnant: 45.1±3.7 | 2.5 years | BMI Pregnant: 34.2±2.4, after Non-pregnant to make it consistent 41.5±2.8 | Pregnancy and pregnancy complications. |
| Nilsson-Condori E, et al. (2018) | Prospective cohort | 48 | F | 18–35 | RYGB | BMI 40.9 | 12 months | BMI 25.4 | Sex hormones |
| Laurino Neto RM, et al. (2012) | Retrospective chart review | 140 | M/F | Mean 41.4 (19–62) | RYGB | BMI 52.5 | 1, 3, 6 and 12 months | BMI 33.7 at last follow up | Amenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycles, inability to become pregnant after 6 months |
M=Male; F=Female; LGBP=Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass; LGB=Laparoscopic Banding; LBPD=Laparoscopic Biliopancreatic Diversions; LSG=Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy; RYGB=Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass; AGB=Adjustable Gastric Band; BPD=Biliopancreatic Diversion; LRYGB=Laparoscopic Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass; LSG=Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy; BMI=Body Mass Index; PCOS=Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; SHGB=Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin