Table 1.
Characteristic of participants categorized by gender and insulin resistance status of adipose tissue
| Adipose-IR (n=77) |
Male | P value | Adipose-IR (n=89) |
Female | P value | |
| Non-adipose-IR (n=155) |
Non-adipose-IR (n=178) |
|||||
| Age, years | 58.9±6.9 | 60.9±6.8 | 0.03 | 61.2±7.3 | 59.7±6.7 | 0.41 |
| Average income/month, yuan | 1600 (1175–3000) | 2000 (1250–2500) | 0.93 | 1600 (1000–2500) | 1600 (1187–2500) | 0.61 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.05 | – | ||||
| Low | 31 (40.3) | 84 (54.2) | 62 (69.7) | 124 (69.7) | ||
| Intermediate | 35 (45.5) | 45 (29.0) | 24 (27.0) | 41 (23.0) | ||
| High | 11 (14.3) | 26 (16.8) | 3 (3.4) | 13 (7.3) | ||
| Current smoking status, n (%) | 0.14 | – | ||||
| No smoking | 16 (20.8) | 25 (16.1) | 89 (100.0) | 178 (100.0) | ||
| Smoking | 33 (42.9) | 88 (56.8) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Quit smoking | 28 (36.4) | 42 (27.1) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Current drinking status, n (%) | 0.35 | 0.19 | ||||
| No drinking | 17 (22.1) | 42 (27.1) | 60 (67.4) | 107 (60.1) | ||
| Drinking | 56 (72.7) | 99 (63.9) | 29 (32.6) | 66 (37.1) | ||
| Quite drinking | 4 (5.2) | 14 (9.0) | 0 | 5 (2.8) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.3±2.8 | 21.6±2.5 | <0.001 | 24.9±2.9 | 22.2±2.5 | <0.001 |
| Neck circumference, cm | 37.9±2.6 | 35.8±2.3 | <0.001 | 34.8±2.3 | 32.8±2.1 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 90.9±7.4 | 82.7±7.8 | <0.001 | 89.8±8.0 | 81.3±8.0 | <0.001 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.1 | <0.001 | 0.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.6 (5.3–6.0) | 5.3 (5.0–5.6) | <0.001 | 5.7 (5.4–6,4) | 5.3 (5.0–5.7) | <0.001 |
| 2 hour plasma glucose, mmol/L | 8.1 (7.0–9.7) | 7.1 (5.9–8.8) | 0.001 | 8.1 (7.0–10.5) | 6.7 (5.8–8.0) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
126.2±14.3 | 120.8±13.4 | 0.010 | 133.2±14.2 | 122.2±16.8 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
76.0±8.7 | 72.9±8.4 | 0.012 | 75.9±8.8 | 70.2±8.4 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.0 (4.3–5.7) | 4.7 (4.1–5.2) | 0.003 | 5.3 (4.6–5.8) | 5 (4.3–5.4) | 0.018 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.9 (1.3–2.7) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.3–2.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | <0.001 | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 0.005 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.7 (2.2–3.1) | 2.5 (2.1–2.8) | 0.020 | 2.7 (2.3–3.2) | 2.6 (2.2–3.0) | 0.25 |
| Adipose-IRI | 3.7 (3.1–4.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | <0.001 | 5.2 (4.1–6.7) | 2.3 (1.7–2.8) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 61 (79.2) | 69 (44.5) | <0.001 | 70 (78.7) | 100 (56.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 14 (18.2) | 20 (12.9) | 0.28 | 27 (30.3) | 24 (13.5) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 32 (41.6) | 36 (23.2) | 0.004 | 54 (60.7) | 55 (30.9) | <0.001 |
| CVD, n (%) | 7 (9.1) | 8 (5.2) | 0.25 | 12 (13.5) | 13 (7.3) | 0.10 |
| Fatty liver, n (%) | 13 (16.9) | 8 (5.2) | 0.003 | 19 (21.3) | 11 (6.2) | <0.001 |
Data expression: means±SD for normal continuous variables, median (IQR) for non-normal continuous variables or numbers and percentages for categorical variables. Statistics analysis: two-sample t-test for normal continuous variables, Mann-Whitney U test for non-normal continuous variables and χ² test for categorical variables.
Adipose-IRI, adipose tissue insulin resistance index; Average income, average monthly income per person in family; CVD, cerebral-cardiovascular diseases; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.