Table 3.

Effect of the anode on the performance of removal efficiency and energy production through MFCs.

Type of Pollutants	Electrodes		Target Analytes	Inoculation Source	Pollutant Removal (%)	Power Density	Reference
	Anode	Cathode
Metal-based Water Pollutant	Graphite felt	Graphite plate	Cu2+	Anaerobic sludge	70	314 mW/m3	[158]
	Graphite plate	Graphite felt	CuSO4/CuO	Anaerobic sludge	>99	314 mW/m3	[159]
	Graphite felts	Graphite felts	Cr (VI)	Actinobacteria, Β-Proteobacteria,	5 mg/L with 93 25 mg/L with 61	-	[160]
	Carbon fiber felt	Carbon fiber felt	Cr (VI)	Anaerobic sludge	75.4 ± 1.9	970.2 ± 60.5 mW/m2	[142]
	Carbon fiber felt	Carbon fiber felt	V(V)	Anaerobic sludge	67.9 ± 3.1	970.2 ± 60.5 mW/m2	[142]
	Carbon brush	Carbon cloth	Ag+ ions	Sludge mixture	99.91	4.25 W/ m2	[142]
	Activated charcoal	Activated charcoal	Cr (VI)	Algae biomass	98	207 mW/m2	[161]
	Graphite felt	Graphite rod	Cr (VI)	Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	67	32.5 mW/m2	[162]
	Carbon cloth	Carbon cloth with Pt coating.	Oil sands tailings	Oil sands tailings affected water	97.8 Se, 96.8 Ba, 77.1 Mo, 32.5 Pb	392 mW/m2	[144]
	Carbon brush	Carbon cloth	Au3+	Tetrachloroaurate wastewater	99.89 ± 0.00	6.58 W/m2	[163]
	Carbon cloth	Graphite	Ag+	NH3 chelated silver waste water	99.9	317 mW/m2	[164]
	Graphite felt	Graphite felt	Co	Lithium cobalt oxide Solution	62.5 ± 1.8	298 ± 31 mW/m3	[165]
	Carbon cloth (no wet proofing)	carbon cloth (30% wet proofing)	Zn	Sewage sludge	90	3.6 W/m2	[166]
	Carbon fiber felt	Carbon fiber felt	V(V)	Dysgonomonas and Klebsiella	60.7	529 ± 12 mW /m2	[143]
	Carbon brush	Reduced Graphene oxide	Cu2+	Geobacter and Pseudomonas,	98	0.95 W /m2	[167]
	Carbon felt	Carbon felt	Cr (VI)	Shewanelladecolorationis S12, K. pneumonia	99.9	52.1 mW/cm2	[168]
	Graphite plate	Graphite plate	Platinum (Pt)	Anaerobic sludge bed	90	844.0 mW/ m2	[169]
Dyes-based Water Pollutant	Graphite rod	Graphite rod	Acid orange 7	Microbial consortium	78	0.31 ± 0.03 W/m3	[170]
	Granular graphite	Spectrographic pure graphite	Amaranth	-	82.59	137.37 mW/m2	[171]
	Plain carbon felts	Carbon felt	Congo red	Anaerobic sludge	86.4	400 mW/m2	[172]
	Graphite felt	Carbon paper	Congo red	Anaerobic sludge	70	72.4 mW/m2	[173]
	Activated Carbon	Hydrophobic carbon cloth	Model textile dyes	Proteus hauseri	75	103 mW/m2	[174]
	Porous carbon paper	Porous carbon paper	Active brilliant red X-3B	Aerobic sludges	90	213.93 mW/m2	[175]
	Plain carbon papers (non-wet proofed)	Carbon paper (wet-proofed)	Congo Red	Culture of aerobic and sludge	85	107 mW/m2	[176]
	Carbon cloth	Carbon cloth	Acid orange 7	Shewanellaoneidensis	>98	-	[177]
	Graphite-granules	Graphite-granules	Azo dye	Anaerobic sludge	85	34.77 mW/m2	[178]
	Activate carbon	Stainless steel mesh	Azo dye	Concentrated anaerobic sludge	96.5	0.852 W/m3,	[144]
	Graphite rods	Graphite rods	Acid navy blue R	Anaerobic sludge	-	0.125 mW/c m2	[179]
	Porous carbon cloth	Porous carbon cloth	Thionine-based textile Dyes	Proteus hauseri	50	83.4 mW/m2	[42]
	Unpolished graphite	Rutile– coated graphite cathode	Methyl orange	Anaerobic sludge	73.4	0.13 ± 0.03 mW/m2	[147]
	Carbon felt	Carbon felt	Azo dye	Mixed-culture sludge	94	8.67 mW/m2	[180]