Table 2. Simulated Age-Standardized Rates of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Heart Disease Death in Adults With Low or Higher Socioeconomic Statusa.
| Group | Rate, per 10 000 person-years (95% UI) | Excess rate in low SES, per 10 000 person-years (95% UI)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low SESb | Higher SESb | Overall excess | Attributable to excess risk factor burdenc | Additional risk linked to SESd | |
| Myocardial infarctions | |||||
| Men | 34.8 (31.0-38.8) | 17.6 (16.0-18.6) | 17.2 (12.8-22.0) | 6.6 (4.7-8.6) | 10.6 (5.9-15.7) |
| Women | 15.1 (13.4-16.9) | 6.8 (6.3-7.4) | 8.3 (6.2-10.4) | 3.6 (2.8-4.5) | 4.7 (2.5-6.7) |
| CHD deaths | |||||
| Men | 14.3 (13.0-15.7) | 7.6 (7.3-7.9) | 6.8 (5.2-8.4) | 2.6 (2.0-3.2) | 4.2 (2.5-5.9) |
| Women | 5.6 (5.0-6.2) | 2.5 (2.3-2.6) | 3.1 (2.4-3.8) | 1.3 (1.0-1.5) | 1.8 (1.1-2.5) |
Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; SES, socioeconomic status; UI, uncertainty interval.
Rates were standardized to the 2015 US population age structure for each sex group.
Low SES was defined as household income below 150% of the federal poverty level or educational level less than high school.
Risk factors included in model simulations were systolic blood pressure, current smoking status, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, diabetes status, and body mass index, measured by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey waves from 2011-2016.
Additional excess risk reflects the projected excess rate of CHD outcomes associated with low SES that is independent of traditional CHD risk factors. For CHD death, the excess also captured model inputs reflecting heightened myocardial infarction case fatality among adults with low SES, which contributed to the excess of a total of 0.5 CHD deaths per 10 000 person-years for men and 0.4 for women of low SES.