Table 2.
Sample characteristics
| Acute ill sample (n = 2740) | Utilization formal care sample (n = 1884) | Positive out-of-pocket expenditures on medical treatment sample (n = 494) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample scale | N | N | N | ||||
| Number of villages | 101 | 98 | 75 | ||||
| Number of households | 1037 | 718 | 186 | ||||
| Individual level | |||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Distance to the closest health facility (km) | continuous | 2.22 | 1.25 | 2.19 | 1.24 | 2.14 | 1.28 |
| Age (years) | continuous | 21.43 | 18.2 | 19.56 | 17.57 | 19.62 | 17.12 |
| Illness duration (days] | continuous | 7.91 | 8.27 | 8.67 | 8.85 | 9.58 | 10.21 |
| Accompanying persons | continuous | 1.19 | 0.61 | 1.22 | 0.60 | ||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Age | 0 = 0–4 years; | 513 | 18.72 | 419 | 22.24 | 117 | 23.68 |
| 1 = 5–14 years; | 793 | 28.94 | 562 | 29.83 | 133 | 26.92 | |
| 2 = 15–39 years; | 971 | 35.44 | 637 | 33.81 | 171 | 34.62 | |
| 3 = 39+ years | 463 | 16.90 | 266 | 14.12 | 73 | 14.78 | |
| Sex | 0 = male; | 1283 | 46.82 | 844 | 44.80 | 230 | 46.56 |
| 1 = female | 1457 | 53.18 | 1040 | 55.20 | 264 | 53.44 | |
| Education (education of household head if child < 14 years) |
0 = no formal education 1 = any formal education |
1726 1014 |
62.9937.01 |
1164 720 |
61.78 38.22 |
295 199 |
59.72 40.28 |
| Household head | 0 = others; | 2157 | 78.72 | 1523 | 80.84 | 391 | 79.15 |
| 1 = being household head | 583 | 21.28 | 361 | 19.16 | 103 | 20.85 | |
| Reported chronic illness | 0 = no chronic illness reported; | 2356 | 85.99 | 1678 | 89.07 | 436 | 88.26 |
| 1 = chronic illness reported | 384 | 14.01 | 206 | 10.93 | 58 | 11.74 | |
| Limitation imposed on routine activities | 0 = no perceived limitation on routine activities | 1047 | 38.21 | 587 | 31.16 | 125 | 25.30 |
| 1 = perceived limitation on routine activities | 1693 | 61.79 | 1297 | 68.84 | 369 | 74.70 | |
| Hospitalization | 0 = no hospitalization; | 2636 | 96.20 | 1780 | 94.48 | 463 | 93.72 |
| 1 = hospitalization | 104 | 3.80 | 104 | 5.52 | 31 | 6.28 | |
| Socio economic status (wealth quartiles) | 1 = poorest (1st wealth quartile) | 686 | 25.04 | 484 | 25.69 | 108 | 21.86 |
| 2 = poor (2nd wealth quartile) | 685 | 25.00 | 486 | 25.80 | 109 | 22.06 | |
| 3 = less poor (3rd wealth quartile) | 685 | 25.00 | 478 | 25.37 | 126 | 25.51 | |
| 4 = least poor (4th wealth quartile) | 684 | 24.96 | 436 | 25.14 | 151 | 30.57 | |
| Household size | 0 = 0–5 members; | 1483 | 54,12 | 1036 | 54.99 | 297 | 60.12 |
| 1 = 5+ members | 1257 | 45,88 | 848 | 45.02 | 197 | 39.88 | |
| Location of household | 0 = rural | 2598 | 94.82 | 1791 | 95.06 | 470 | 95.14 |
| 1 = urban | 142 | 5.18 | 93 | 4.94 | 24 | 4.86 | |
SD Standard Deviation