Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of severe HFMD children patients

	Fatal cases N2 = 44	Survivors N1 = 415	Total N = 459	OR (95%CI)
Gender
Male	22 (50.0)	273 (65.8)	295 (64.3)	0.52 (0.28–0.97)*
Female	22 (50.0)	142 (34.2)	164 (35.7)	Referent
Age
≤ 1	4 (9.1)	47 (11.3)	51 (11.1)	0.78 (0.27–2.29)
1~	36 (81.8)	259 (62.4)	295 (64.3)	2.71 (1.23–5.98)**
3~	3 (6.8)	97 (23.4)	100 (21.8)	0.24 (0.07–0.79)*
> 5	1 (2.3)	12 (2.9)	13 (2.8)	Referent
Hosting Classification
Scatter childrena	36 (81.8)	333 (80.2)	369 (80.4)	1.11 (0.50–2.47)
Childcareb	8 (18.2)	75 (18.1)	83 (18.1)	1.01 (0.45–2.26)
In schoolc	0 (0.0)	3 (0.7)	3 (0.7)	–
Others	0 (0.0)	4 (1.0)	4 (0.9)	–
Identification of enterovirus
EV71	30 (68.2)	216 (52.0)	246 (53.6)	1.97 (1.02–3.83)*
Cox A16	0 (0.0)	14 (3.4)	14 (3.1)	–
Other enterovirus	4 (9.1)	66 (15.9)	70 (15.3)	0.53 (0.18–1.53)
Negative	10 (22.7)	119 (28.7)	129 (28.1)	0.73 (0.35–1.53)
Onset season
Winter	9 (20.5)	34 (8.2)	43 (9.4)	2.88 (1.28–6.49)*
Autumn	3 (6.8)	37 (8.9)	40 (8.7)	0.75 (0.22–2.53)
Summer	12 (27.3)	173 (41.7)	185 (40.3)	0.53 (0.26–1.05)
Spring	20 (45.5)	171 (37.3)	191 (41.6)	1.19 (0.64–2.22)
Family members, > 3	28 (63.6)	299 (72.0)	327 (71.2)	0.68 (0.35–1.30)
Children in home, > 1	37 (84.1)	275 (66.3)	312 (68.0)	2.69 (1.17–6.19)*
Caregivers
Parents	21 (47.7)	285 (68.7)	306 (66.7)	0.42 (0.22–0.78)*
Grandparents	23 (52.3)	130 (31.3)	153 (33.3)	Referent
Caregivers’ education
> 9 y	5 (11.4)	172 (41.4)	177 (38.6)	0.18 (0.07–0.47)**
0–9 y	39 (88.6)	243 (58.6)	282 (61.5)	Referent
Neighborhood children also suffer from HFMD disease	1 (2.3)	50 (12.0)	51 (11.1)	0.14 (0.02–1.01)*

Note:OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval. *P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01